VMWare提供了vmrun与VIX API两种手段使用户可以通过程序对虚拟机进行控制。
在官方文档中给出了详细的说明和示例代码。
          vmrun：http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vix162_vmrun_command.pdf
          VIX API: http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vix-api/

vmrun是一种命令行控制的手段，但是可以通过Shell脚本实现连续多个操作的自动化。而VIXAPI则是一种程序设计的方案，支持C、Perl和VB三种语言。从功能上来说，VIXAPI提供虚拟机状态查询函数，有更强的能力。例如：控制一个虚拟机恢复到某个镜像，然后登录到GuestOS中，运行其中的某个可执行文件在这3个动作中，恢复到指定镜像是异步操作，如果使用VIXAPI实现，可以查询恢复操作是否完成，恢复完成之后再尝试登录到GuestOS;而要通过vmrun实现则比较困难，因为vmrun不具有查询虚拟机状态的能力，所以只能sleep足够长的时间之后再去执行登录操作。
       但vmrun也不是完全没有优势。分别用vmrun和VIX API实现每隔一段时间就将虚拟机恢复到指定虚拟机镜像的功能，当双方都只需要操作一台虚拟机的时候，都能做到长期稳定工作；当它们需要面对10台甚至更多
的虚拟机的时候，VIX API很快就会出故障(1)，而vmrun仍然能够稳定地工作。

(1)通常遇到的故障是：虚拟机提示缺少某个.vmdk文件。原因是VMWare虚拟机启动时会创建临时的.vmdk文件，并通过修改.vmx中的硬盘路径，使当前的硬盘为临时的.vmdk。当VIXAPI面对大量虚拟机时，常常会与需要操作的虚拟机失去连接，此时.vmx文件中的硬盘路径被修改，但是临时.vmdk文件被删除，于是虚拟机报错。要修复这个故障，只需要把.vmx文件中的硬盘 路径改为实际存在的某个.vmdk文件即可

1、简介

VMWare提供了vmrun与VIX API两种手段使用户可以通过程序对虚拟机进行控制。vmrun是一种命令行控制的手段，但是可以通过Shell脚本实现连续多个操作的自动化。

2、语法

Usage: vmrun COMMAND [PARAMETERS]
Authentication flags
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>

POWER COMMANDS           PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
start                    Path to vmx file     Start a VM or Team
                         or vmtm file
                         [gui|nogui]
stop                     Path to vmx file     Stop a VM or Team
                         or vmtm file
                         [hard|soft]
reset                    Path to vmx file     Reset a VM or Team
                         or vmtm file
                         [hard|soft]
suspend                  Path to vmx file     Suspend a VM or Team
                         or vmtm file
                         [hard|soft]

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS        PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
listSnapshots            Path to vmx file     List all snapshots in a VM
snapshot                 Path to vmx file     Create a snapshot of a VM
                         Snapshot name
deleteSnapshot           Path to vmx file     Remove a snapshot from a VM
                         Snapshot name
revertToSnapshot         Path to vmx file     Set VM state to a snapshot
                         Snapshot name

GUEST OS COMMANDS        PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
runProgramInGuest        Path to vmx file     Run a program in Guest OS
                         Program
                         [Program arguments]
fileExistsInGuest        Path to vmx file     Check if a file exists in Guest OS
                         Path to file in guest
setSharedFolderState     Path to vmx file     Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
                         Share name
                         New host path
addSharedFolder          Path to vmx file     Add a Host-Guest shared folder
                         Share name
                         Host path
removeSharedFolder       Path to vmx file     Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
                         Share name
listProcessesInGuest     Path to vmx file     List running processes in Guest OS
killProcessInGuest       Path to vmx file     Kill a process in Guest OS
                         process id
runScriptInGuest         Path to vmx file     Run a script in Guest OS
                         Interpreter path
                         script_text
deleteFileInGuest        Path to vmx file     Delete a file in Guest OS
                         File
createDirectoryInGuest   Path to vmx file     Create a directory in Guest OS
                         Directory path
deleteDirectoryInGuest   Path to vmx file     Delete a directory in Guest OS
                         Directory path
listDirectoryInGuest     Path to vmx file     List a directory in Guest OS
                         Directory path
copyFileFromHostToGuest  Path to vmx file     Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
                         Path on host
                         Path in guest
copyFileFromGuestToHost  Path to vmx file     Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
                         Path in guest
                         Path on host
renameFileInGuest        Path to vmx file     Rename a file in Guest OS
                         Original name
                         New name

GENERAL COMMANDS         PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
list                                          List all running VMs
upgradevm                Path to vmx file     Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw
installtools             Path to vmx file     Install Tools in Guest OS

3、示例

1）开启虚拟机

vmrun start "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

2）停止虚拟机

vmrun stop "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

3）重启虚拟机
        vmrun restart "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

4）列出正在运行的虚拟机
        vmrun list

下面整理了一发命令：

vmrun -T ws start "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" nogui #无图形界面启动虚拟机（-T是区分宿主机的类型，ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player，常用的是ws|esx|player）
vmrun start "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" gui #带图形界面启动虚拟机
vmrun stop "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可跟参数hard强制关闭虚拟机(相当于直接关电源)|soft正常关闭虚拟机
vmrun reset "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可跟参数hard冷重启虚拟机|soft热重启虚拟机
vmrun suspend  "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可分参数hard|soft挂起虚拟机
vmrun pause  "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #暂停虚拟机
vmrun unpause  "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #停止暂停虚拟机    
vmrun list #列出正在运行的虚拟机
vmrun -T ws snapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #创建一个快照
vmrun -T ws reverToSnapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #从一个快照中恢复虚拟机
vmrun -T ws listSnapshots "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #列出快照
vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #删除一个快照
vmrun命令帮助

Shell
EPP:/vmware # vmrun

vmrun version 1.15.0 build-2985596

Usage: vmrun [AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS] COMMAND [PARAMETERS]

AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS
--------------------
These must appear before the command and any command parameters.

-h <hostName> (not needed for Workstation)
-P <hostPort> (not needed for Workstation)
-T <hostType> (ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player)
for example, use '-T server' for Server 2.0
use '-T server1' for Server 1.0
use '-T ws' for VMware Workstation
use '-T ws-shared' for VMware Workstation (shared mode)
use '-T esx' for VMware ESX
use '-T vc' for VMware vCenter Server
-u <userName in host OS> (not needed for Workstation)
-p <password in host OS> (not needed for Workstation)
-vp <password for encrypted virtual machine>
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>

POWER COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
-------------- ---------- -----------
start Path to vmx file Start a VM or Team
[gui|nogui]

stop Path to vmx file Stop a VM or Team
[hard|soft]

reset Path to vmx file Reset a VM or Team
[hard|soft]

suspend Path to vmx file Suspend a VM or Team
[hard|soft]

pause Path to vmx file Pause a VM

unpause Path to vmx file Unpause a VM

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
----------------- ---------- -----------
listSnapshots Path to vmx file List all snapshots in a VM
[showTree]

snapshot Path to vmx file Create a snapshot of a VM
Snapshot name

deleteSnapshot Path to vmx file Remove a snapshot from a VM
Snapshot name
[andDeleteChildren]

revertToSnapshot Path to vmx file Set VM state to a snapshot
Snapshot name

GUEST OS COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
----------------- ---------- -----------
runProgramInGuest Path to vmx file Run a program in Guest OS
[-noWait]
[-activeWindow]
[-interactive]
Complete-Path-To-Program
[Program arguments]

fileExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a file exists in Guest OS
Path to file in guest

directoryExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a directory exists in Guest OS
Path to directory in guest

setSharedFolderState Path to vmx file Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
Host path
writable | readonly

addSharedFolder Path to vmx file Add a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
New host path

removeSharedFolder Path to vmx file Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name

enableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Enable shared folders in Guest
[runtime]

disableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Disable shared folders in Guest
[runtime]

listProcessesInGuest Path to vmx file List running processes in Guest OS

killProcessInGuest Path to vmx file Kill a process in Guest OS
process id

runScriptInGuest Path to vmx file Run a script in Guest OS
[-noWait]
[-activeWindow]
[-interactive]
Interpreter path
Script text

deleteFileInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a file in Guest OS
Path in guest

createDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Create a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest

deleteDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest

CreateTempfileInGuest Path to vmx file Create a temporary file in Guest OS

listDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file List a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest

CopyFileFromHostToGuest Path to vmx file Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
Path on host Path in guest

CopyFileFromGuestToHost Path to vmx file Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
Path in guest Path on host

renameFileInGuest Path to vmx file Rename a file in Guest OS
Original name
New name

captureScreen Path to vmx file Capture the screen of the VM to a local file
Path on host

writeVariable Path to vmx file Write a variable in the VM state
[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
variable name
variable value

readVariable Path to vmx file Read a variable in the VM state
[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
variable name

getGuestIPAddress Path to vmx file Gets the IP address of the guest
[-wait]

GENERAL COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
---------------- ---------- -----------
list List all running VMs

upgradevm Path to vmx file Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw

installTools Path to vmx file Install Tools in Guest

checkToolsState Path to vmx file Check the current Tools state

register Path to vmx file Register a VM

unregister Path to vmx file Unregister a VM

listRegisteredVM List registered VMs

deleteVM Path to vmx file Delete a VM

clone Path to vmx file Create a copy of the VM
Path to destination vmx file
full|linked
[-snapshot=Snapshot Name]
[-cloneName=Name]

Examples:

Starting a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws start "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"

Stopping a virtual machine on an ESX host
vmrun -T esx -h https://myHost.com/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword stop "[storage1] vm/myVM.vmx"

Running a program in a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host with Windows guest
vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe"

Running a program in a virtual machine with Server on a Linux host with Linux guest
vmrun -T server -h https://myHost.com:8333/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "[standard] vm/myVM.vmx" /usr/bin/X11/xclock -display :0

Creating a snapshot of a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Reverting to a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Deleting a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Enabling Shared Folders with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
EPP:/vmware #

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EPP:/vmware # vmrun
 
vmrun version 1.15.0 build-2985596
 
Usage: vmrun [AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS] COMMAND [PARAMETERS]
 
 
 
AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS
--------------------
These must appear before the command and any command parameters.
 
   -h <hostName>  (not needed for Workstation)
   -P <hostPort>  (not needed for Workstation)
   -T <hostType> (ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player)
     for example, use '-T server' for Server 2.0
                  use '-T server1' for Server 1.0
                  use '-T ws' for VMware Workstation
                  use '-T ws-shared' for VMware Workstation (shared mode)
                  use '-T esx' for VMware ESX
                  use '-T vc' for VMware vCenter Server
   -u <userName in host OS>  (not needed for Workstation)
   -p <password in host OS>  (not needed for Workstation)
   -vp <password for encrypted virtual machine>
   -gu <userName in guest OS>
   -gp <password in guest OS>
 
 
 
POWER COMMANDS           PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
--------------           ----------           -----------
start                    Path to vmx file     Start a VM or Team
                         [gui|nogui]
 
stop                     Path to vmx file     Stop a VM or Team
                         [hard|soft]
 
reset                    Path to vmx file     Reset a VM or Team
                         [hard|soft]
 
suspend                  Path to vmx file     Suspend a VM or Team
                         [hard|soft]
 
pause                    Path to vmx file     Pause a VM
 
unpause                  Path to vmx file     Unpause a VM
 
 
 
SNAPSHOT COMMANDS        PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
-----------------        ----------           -----------
listSnapshots            Path to vmx file     List all snapshots in a VM
                         [showTree]
 
snapshot                 Path to vmx file     Create a snapshot of a VM
                         Snapshot name
 
deleteSnapshot           Path to vmx file     Remove a snapshot from a VM
                         Snapshot name
                         [andDeleteChildren]
 
revertToSnapshot         Path to vmx file     Set VM state to a snapshot
                         Snapshot name
 
 
 
GUEST OS COMMANDS        PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
-----------------        ----------           -----------
runProgramInGuest        Path to vmx file     Run a program in Guest OS
                         [-noWait]
                         [-activeWindow]
                         [-interactive]
                         Complete-Path-To-Program
                         [Program arguments]
 
fileExistsInGuest        Path to vmx file     Check if a file exists in Guest OS
                         Path to file in guest
 
directoryExistsInGuest   Path to vmx file     Check if a directory exists in Guest OS
                         Path to directory in guest
 
setSharedFolderState     Path to vmx file     Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
                         Share name
                         Host path
                         writable | readonly
 
addSharedFolder          Path to vmx file     Add a Host-Guest shared folder
                         Share name
                         New host path
 
removeSharedFolder       Path to vmx file     Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
                         Share name
 
enableSharedFolders      Path to vmx file     Enable shared folders in Guest
                         [runtime]
 
disableSharedFolders     Path to vmx file     Disable shared folders in Guest
                         [runtime]
 
listProcessesInGuest     Path to vmx file     List running processes in Guest OS
 
killProcessInGuest       Path to vmx file     Kill a process in Guest OS
                         process id
 
runScriptInGuest         Path to vmx file     Run a script in Guest OS
                         [-noWait]
                         [-activeWindow]
                         [-interactive]
                         Interpreter path
                         Script text
 
deleteFileInGuest        Path to vmx file     Delete a file in Guest OS
Path in guest            
 
createDirectoryInGuest   Path to vmx file     Create a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest  
 
deleteDirectoryInGuest   Path to vmx file     Delete a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest  
 
CreateTempfileInGuest    Path to vmx file     Create a temporary file in Guest OS
 
listDirectoryInGuest     Path to vmx file     List a directory in Guest OS
                         Directory path in guest
 
CopyFileFromHostToGuest  Path to vmx file     Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
Path on host             Path in guest
                        
 
CopyFileFromGuestToHost  Path to vmx file     Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
Path in guest            Path on host
                        
 
renameFileInGuest        Path to vmx file     Rename a file in Guest OS
                         Original name
                         New name
 
captureScreen            Path to vmx file     Capture the screen of the VM to a local file
Path on host            
 
writeVariable            Path to vmx file     Write a variable in the VM state
                         [runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
                         variable name
                         variable value
 
readVariable             Path to vmx file     Read a variable in the VM state
                         [runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
                         variable name
 
getGuestIPAddress        Path to vmx file     Gets the IP address of the guest
                         [-wait]
 
 
 
GENERAL COMMANDS         PARAMETERS           DESCRIPTION
----------------         ----------           -----------
list                                          List all running VMs
 
upgradevm                Path to vmx file     Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw
 
installTools             Path to vmx file     Install Tools in Guest
 
checkToolsState          Path to vmx file     Check the current Tools state
 
register                 Path to vmx file     Register a VM
 
unregister               Path to vmx file     Unregister a VM
 
listRegisteredVM                              List registered VMs
 
deleteVM                 Path to vmx file     Delete a VM
 
clone                    Path to vmx file     Create a copy of the VM
                         Path to destination vmx file
                         full|linked
                         [-snapshot=Snapshot Name]
                         [-cloneName=Name]
 
 
 
 
Examples:
 
 
Starting a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
   vmrun -T ws start "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
 
 
Stopping a virtual machine on an ESX host
   vmrun -T esx -h https://myHost.com/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword stop "[storage1] vm/myVM.vmx"
 
 
Running a program in a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host with Windows guest
   vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe"
 
 
Running a program in a virtual machine with Server on a Linux host with Linux guest
   vmrun -T server -h https://myHost.com:8333/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "[standard] vm/myVM.vmx" /usr/bin/X11/xclock -display :0
 
 
Creating a snapshot of a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
   vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
 
 
Reverting to a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
   vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
 
 
Deleting a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
   vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
 
 
Enabling Shared Folders with Workstation on a Windows host
   vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
EPP:/vmware #

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