这几天在研究kolla制作镜像的流程，记录下对kolla项目中base目录Dockerfile.j2阅读过程。本质上base目录下的Dockerfile.j2文件，对是yum 源的一些配置，从而使制作镜像的流程中，
有一个共同的基准yun源。
FROM {{ base_image }}:{{ base_distro_tag }}

MAINTAINER {{ maintainer }}

{# NOTE(SamYaple): Avoid uid/gid conflicts by creating each user/group up front. #}

{# Specifics required such as homedir or shell are configured within the service specific image #}

{%- for name, user in users | dictsort() %}

{% if loop.first -%}RUN {% else %}    && {% endif -%}

    groupadd --force --gid {{ user.gid }} {{ name }} \

    && useradd -M --shell /usr/sbin/nologin --uid {{ user.uid }} --gid {{ user.gid }} {{ name }}

        {%- if not loop.last %} \{% endif -%}

{%- endfor %}

{#这是主要是增加一些用户组和用户，所有的用户以一个RUN 命令进行下发创建的#}

LABEL kolla_version="{{ kolla_version }}"

{#已系统缓存的kolla版本进行取值，如果是用git下载的代码，那么这个值就会去成git里面缓存的代表编号#}

{% import "macros.j2" as macros with context %}

{% block base_header %}{% endblock %}

ENV KOLLA_BASE_DISTRO {{ base_distro }} {#引入环境变量#}

ENV KOLLA_INSTALL_TYPE {{ install_type }}

ENV KOLLA_INSTALL_METATYPE {{ install_metatype }} {#在安装模式是二进制的情况系，此处的值为rdo方式#}

#### Customize PS1 to be used with bash shell

COPY kolla_bashrc /tmp/

RUN cat /tmp/kolla_bashrc >> /etc/skel/.bashrc \

    && cat /tmp/kolla_bashrc >> /root/.bashrc

# PS1 var when used /bin/sh shell

ENV PS1="$(tput bold)($(printenv KOLLA_SERVICE_NAME))$(tput sgr0)[$(id -un)@$(hostname -s) $(pwd)]$ "

{#centos基础镜像会走这个流程分支#}

{% if base_distro in ['centos', 'oraclelinux', 'rhel'] %}

# For RPM Variants, enable the correct repositories - this should all be done

# in the base image so repos are consistent throughout the system.  This also

# enables to provide repo overrides at a later date in a simple fashion if we

# desire such functionality.  I think we will :)

RUN CURRENT_DISTRO_RELEASE=$(awk '{match($0, /[0-9]+/,version)}END{print version[0]}' /etc/system-release); \

    if [  $CURRENT_DISTRO_RELEASE != "{{ supported_distro_release }}" ]; then \

        echo "Only supported {{ supported_distro_release }} release on {{ base_distro }}"; false; \

    fi \

    && cat /tmp/kolla_bashrc >> /etc/bashrc \

    && sed -i 's|^\(override_install_langs=.*\)|# \1|' /etc/yum.conf

{#获取系统当前的发行版类型，是不是在支持的范围内

awk '{match($0, /[0-9]+/,version)}END{print version[0]}' /etc/system-release);

这个shell脚本的作用就是来获取 /etc/system-release文件中，大版本号的值，在线上环境上执行，该命令的值为7

DISTRO_RELEASE = {

    'centos': '7',

    'rhel': '7',

    'oraclelinux': '7',

    'debian': '8',

    'ubuntu': '16.04',

}

supported_distro_release的值时在 create_dockerfiles函数中获取的，这个值时数字7,8,16.04三个中的一个

#}

{% block base_yum_conf %}

RUN echo centos >> /etc/yum/vars/contentdir

{#此处对yum_conf文件进行设置，从而对所有的yum仓库都有效#}

{% endblock %}

#### BEGIN REPO ENABLEMENT（实现）

{% set base_yum_repo_files = [

    'elasticsearch.repo',

    'grafana.repo',

    'influxdb.repo',

    'kibana.yum.repo',

    'MariaDB.repo',

    'td.repo',

    'zookeeper.repo'

 ] %}

 #在不启动自定义repo的情况下，此处是生效的，如果设置自定义的repo，那么此处不生效，根据自定义的repo配置进行拷贝

{%- for repo_file in base_yum_repo_files | customizable('yum_repo_files') %}

COPY {{ repo_file }} /etc/yum.repos.d/{{ repo_file }}

{%- endfor %}

{% set base_yum_url_packages = [

   'http://repo.percona.com/release/7/RPMS/x86_64/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm'

   {#此处是下载percona的repo yum仓库，noarch.rpm中包含有gpg-key文件，安装这个文件

   自动把gpg-key放到规定的/etc/pki-grp目录下，percona的repo仓库也自动在/etc/repo.yum目录下

   实测这个地址有是有效的，能够找到这个文件#}

] %}

{{ macros.install_packages(base_yum_url_packages | customizable("yum_url_packages")) }}

{#此处是引用宏文件里面的install_packages宏，进行rpm的安装#}

{#此处是获取yum_repop的gpg-key文件#}

{% set base_yum_repo_keys = [

    'http://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB',#实测这个文件可以直接下载

    '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona ',#在上一步安装过程中，这个文件已经在该目录下了

    'https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch', #实测这个文件可以直接下载下来

    'https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key', #实测这个文件可以下载下来

    'https://packagecloud.io/gpg.key',#实测这个文件可以下载下来

    'https://grafanarel.s3.amazonaws.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-grafana',#实测这个地址是直接打开一个网站，网站的内容是gpp内容，而不会下载该gpg-key文件

    'https://packages.treasuredata.com/GPG-KEY-td-agent'#实测这个文件可以直接下载

] %}

{#此处是把下载的gpg-key文件进行导入，为以后的rpm安装做签名准备，如果是本地yum源的话，这一步是可以不用做得，对

https://grafanarel.s3.amazonaws.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-grafana这个GPG-KEY会有文件，最好是把该网页的内容，保存到一个GPG-KEY文件中#}

{%- for key in base_yum_repo_keys | customizable('yum_repo_keys') %}

{%- if loop.first %}RUN {% else %}    && {% endif -%}

    rpm --import {{ key }}

{%- if not loop.last %} \{% endif %}

{% endfor -%}

#binary安装方式install_metatype是rdo,source安装方式是mixed（混合的），centos基础镜像只有这两种方式

    {% if install_metatype in ['rdo', 'mixed'] %}

{% for cmd in rpm_setup %}

{{ cmd }}

{% endfor %}

    {% endif %}

    {# endif for repo setup for all RHEL except RHEL OSP #}

 {#RHOS是一种openstack安装方式，是redhat openstack的缩写，猜测是redhat开发的一种安装方式#}

    {% if install_metatype == 'rhos' %}

#对于centos系统来说，这个是可以rhos的内容是可以注释掉的

# Turn on the RHOS 7.0 repo for RHOS

RUN yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-rpms \

    && yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-openstack-7.0-rpms

    {% endif %}

#如下的内容都是对centos基础镜像进行设置的

#************************************

    {% if base_distro == 'centos' %}

{#默认情况下，安装完centos系统以后，在/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/目录下只会有如下的gpg-key

()[root@4059a1c2f42c /]# cd /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/

()[root@4059a1c2f42c rpm-gpg]# ls

RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

#}

RUN rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

{% set base_centos_yum_repo_keys = [

    '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Cloud',#这三个key实际查看是没有这三个gpk-key的

    '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Storage',

    '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Virtualization'

] %}

#设置centos yum源仓库包

{% set base_centos_yum_repo_packages = [

    'epel-release ',

    'yum-plugin-priorities',#

    'centos-release-ceph-jewel',执行完centos-release-openstack-ocata以后，在执行这个命令，提示已经安装

    'centos-release-openstack-ocata',

    'centos-release-qemu-ev'

] %}

#安装上一步的base_centos_yum_repo_packages的repo仓库

为执行安装命令之前的内容

()[root@4059a1c2f42c yum.repos.d]# ls

xxx-centos-openstack-ocata.repo  xxx-ceph.repo           xxx-epel.repo     xxx-qemu-ev.repo

xxx-centos.repo                  xxx-elasticsearch.repo  xxx-mariadb.repo  xxx-td.repo

执行完安装命令以后

()[root@4059a1c2f42c yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS-Ceph-Jewel.repo       CentOS-Storage-common.repo  xxx-centos-openstack-ocata.repo  xxx-elasticsearch.repo  xxx-qemu-ev.repo

CentOS-OpenStack-ocata.repo  epel.repo                   xxx-centos.repo                  xxx-epel.repo           xxx-td.repo

CentOS-QEMU-EV.repo          epel-testing.repo           xxx-ceph.repo                    xxx-mariadb.repo

()[root@4059a1c2f42c yum.repos.d]# pwd

执行的命令

    5  yum install -y epel-release

    6  ls

    7  yum install yum-plugin-priorities -y

    8  ls

    9  yum install centos-release-openstack-ocata -y

   10  ls

   11  yum install centos-release-qemu-ev -y

/etc/pki/rpm-gpg目录下的变化

()[root@4059a1c2f42c yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/

()[root@4059a1c2f42c rpm-gpg]# ls

RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7        RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Cloud    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Virtualization  RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Storage  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

()[root@4059a1c2f42c rpm-gpg]# pwd

/etc/pki/rpm-gpg

{{ macros.install_packages(base_centos_yum_repo_packages | customizable("yum_centos_repo_packages")) }}

{% for key in base_centos_yum_repo_keys | customizable('yum_centos_repo_keys') %}

    {%- if loop.first %}RUN {% else %}    && {% endif -%}

    rpm --import {{ key }} \

{% endfor -%}

{%- if base_centos_yum_repo_keys|length ==0 %}RUN {% else %}    && {% endif -%}

    yum clean all

    {% endif %}

    {# Endif for base_distro centos #}

#******************************************

#如下内容是对redhat基础镜像的设置

    {% if base_distro == 'rhel' %}

#安装redhat的epel yum源仓库

{% block base_rhel_package_installation %}

# Enable couple required repositories for all RHEL builds

# Turn on EPEL throughout the build

#实际测试 https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/这个网站能打开，有epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm包

RUN yum -y install \

        https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm \

    && rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 \

    && yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms \

    && yum -y install \

           yum-plugin-priorities \

    && yum clean all \

    && yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-extras-rpms

{% endblock %}

    {% endif %}

    {# Endif for base_distro RHEL #}

#*******************************************

以下内容是对oraclelinux 基础镜像的设置

    {% if base_distro == 'oraclelinux' %}

{% block base_oraclelinux_package_installation %}

#拷贝base目录下的oraclelinux-extras.repo文件到容器/etc/yum.repos.d/中

COPY oraclelinux-extras.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/oraclelinux-extras.repo

RUN yum -y install \

        tar \

        yum-utils \

        https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm \ #安装epel源，实测有这个rpm包，能打开网站

    && rpm -Uvh --nodeps \#如下的5个rpm在该网站都存在，这些都是repo yum仓库的压缩文件，包含了gpg-key文件

        http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-openstack-ocata-1-2.el7.noarch.rpm \

        http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-ceph-jewel-1.0-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm \

        http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-qemu-ev-1.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm \

        http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-virt-common-1-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm \

        http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-storage-common-1-2.el7.centos.noarch.rpm \

    && sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo \ #统一把repo文件中的$releasever内容更换为7

    && rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 \

    && rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Storage \

    && rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Virtualization \

    && rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Cloud \

    && yum-config-manager --enable ol7_optional_latest ol7_addons \

    && yum -y install \

           yum-plugin-priorities \

    && yum clean all

{% endblock %}

    {% endif %}

    {# Endif for base_distro oraclelinux #}

#http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/这个网站能打开，

#*************************************

#### END REPO ENABLEMENT

{# We are back to the basic if conditional here which is:

#我们回到基本的if条件这里是

    if base_distro in ['centos', 'oraclelinux', 'rhel'] #}

{% block base_redhat_binary_versionlock %}{% endblock %}

    {% if install_type == 'binary' %}

{% set base_centos_binary_packages = [

        'sudo',

        'which',

        'python',

        'lvm2',

        'scsi-target-utils',

        'iproute',

        'iscsi-initiator-utils'

] %}

# Install base packages

{{ macros.install_packages( base_centos_binary_packages | customizable("centos_binary_packages")) }}

    {% endif %}

    {# Endif for install_type binary #}

    {% if install_type == 'source' %}

{% set base_centos_source_packages = [

    'curl',

    'sudo',

    'tar',

    'which',

    'lvm2',

    'scsi-target-utils',

    'iproute',

    'iscsi-initiator-utils'

] %}

# Update packages

{{ macros.install_packages( base_centos_source_packages | customizable("centos_source_packages")) }}

    {% endif %}

    {# endif for install type is source for RPM based distros #}

{# endif for base_distro centos,oraclelinux,rhel #}

#********************************************************************************

#以下是对基础镜像发布版本是ubantu,debian的设置

{% elif base_distro in ['ubuntu', 'debian'] %}

#判断系统的发行版本号是否符合要求

RUN if [ $(awk -F '=' '/DISTRIB_RELEASE/{print $2}' /etc/lsb-release) != "{{ supported_distro_release }}" ]; then \

        echo "Only supported {{ supported_distro_release }} release on {{ base_distro }}"; false; fi

# Customize PS1 bash shell

RUN cat /tmp/kolla_bashrc >> /etc/bash.bashrc

# This will prevent questions from being asked during the install

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive

# Reducing disk footprint

COPY dpkg_reducing_disk_footprint /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/dpkg_reducing_disk_footprint

{% block base_ubuntu_package_pre %}

# Need apt-transport-https and ca-certificates before replacing sources.list or

# apt-get update will not work if any repositories are accessed via HTTPS

#安装https及认证包，从而支持https

RUN apt-get update \

    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends apt-transport-https ca-certificates \

    && apt-get clean

{% endblock %}

{% block base_ubuntu_package_sources_list %}

#拷贝base目录下的sources.list.debian或者sources.list.ubuntu

COPY sources.list.{{ base_distro }} /etc/apt/sources.list

{% endblock %}

{% block base_ubuntu_package_apt_preferences %}

#拷贝base目录下的apt_preferences.debian，apt_preferences.ubuntu

COPY apt_preferences.{{ base_distro }} /etc/apt/preferences

{% endblock %}

{% set base_apt_packages = [

   'apt-utils',

   'curl',

   'gawk',

   'iproute2',

   'kmod',

   'lvm2',

   'open-iscsi',

   'python',

   'sudo',

   'tgt']

%}

{% if base_distro == 'ubuntu' %}

#对ubantu系统的key进行设置

    {# 05CE15085FC09D18E99EFB22684A14CF2582E0C5 -- InfluxDB Packaging Service <support@influxdb.com> #}

    {# 177F4010FE56CA3336300305F1656F24C74CD1D8 -- MariaDB Signing Key <signing-key@mariadb.org> #}

    {# 391A9AA2147192839E9DB0315EDB1B62EC4926EA -- Canonical Cloud Archive Signing Key <ftpmaster@canonical.com> #}

    {# 418A7F2FB0E1E6E7EABF6FE8C2E73424D59097AB -- packagecloud ops (production key) <ops@packagecloud.io> #}

    {# 46095ACC8548582C1A2699A9D27D666CD88E42B4 -- Elasticsearch (Elasticsearch Signing Key) <dev_ops@elasticsearch.org> #}

    {# 4D1BB29D63D98E422B2113B19334A25F8507EFA5 -- Percona MySQL Development Team (Packaging key) <mysql-dev@percona.com> #}

    {# 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D -- Docker Release Tool (releasedocker) <docker@docker.com> #}

    {# 901F9177AB97ACBE                         -- Treasure Data, Inc (Treasure Agent Official Signing key) <support@treasure-data.com> #}

    {% set base_apt_keys = [

      '05CE15085FC09D18E99EFB22684A14CF2582E0C5',

      '177F4010FE56CA3336300305F1656F24C74CD1D8',

      '391A9AA2147192839E9DB0315EDB1B62EC4926EA',

      '418A7F2FB0E1E6E7EABF6FE8C2E73424D59097AB',

      '46095ACC8548582C1A2699A9D27D666CD88E42B4',

      '4D1BB29D63D98E422B2113B19334A25F8507EFA5',

      '58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D',

      '901F9177AB97ACBE',

    ] %}

{% elif base_distro == 'debian' %}

    {% set base_apt_keys = [

      '58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D',

      '0xcbcb082a1bb943db',

      'D27D666CD88E42B4',

      '05CE15085FC09D18E99EFB22684A14CF2582E0C5',

      '418A7F2FB0E1E6E7EABF6FE8C2E73424D59097AB',

      '901F9177AB97ACBE',

    ] %}

    {% set base_apt_packages = base_apt_packages +

      ['sudo',]

    %}

{% endif %}

#对ubantu系统包的安装

{% block base_ubuntu_package_installation %}

    {%- block base_ubuntu_package_key_installation %}

    #对key的导入

        {%- for key in base_apt_keys | customizable('apt_keys') %}

            {%- if loop.first %}RUN {% else %} && {% endif %}apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 {{ key }}

            {%- if not loop.last %} \

            {% endif -%}

        {% endfor %}

    {% endblock %}

#在ubantu下，对包的安装

RUN apt-get update \

    && apt-get -y upgrade \

    && apt-get -y dist-upgrade \

    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends \

    {%- for package in base_apt_packages | customizable('apt_packages') %}

        {{ package }} \

    {%- endfor %}

    && apt-get clean

{% endblock %}

{% if base_distro == 'ubuntu' %}

RUN sed -i \

        -e "s|\('purelib': '\$base/\)local/\(lib/python\$py_version_short/dist-packages',\)|\1\2|" \

        -e "s|\('platlib': '\$platbase/\)local/\(lib/python\$py_version_short/dist-packages',\)|\1\2|" \

        -e "s|\('headers': '\$base/\)local/\(include/python\$py_version_short/\$dist_name',\)|\1\2|" \

        -e "s|\('scripts': '\$base/\)local/\(bin',\)|\1\2|" \

        -e "s|\('data'   : '\$base\)/local\(',\)|\1\2|" \

        /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/install.py \

    && rm -rf /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages \

    && ln -s dist-packages /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages

{% endif %}

{# endif for base_distro ubuntu, debian #}

{% endif %}

#****************************************

#对基础镜像的设置总共分为两部分，一类是yum类型的系统，一类是deb类型的系统，总体框架上就是一个if elseif 语句

COPY set_configs.py /usr/local/bin/kolla_set_configs

COPY start.sh /usr/local/bin/kolla_start

COPY sudoers /etc/sudoers

COPY curlrc /root/.curlrc

{% block dumb_init_installation %}

#实际测试https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init/releases/download/v1.1.3/这个网站是不存在的，这些需要进行实际的设置

#容器初始化工具-Dumb-Init

#容器化环境中，往往直接运行应用程序，而缺少初始化系统（如systemd、sysvinit等）。

#这可能需要应用程序来处理系统信号，接管子进程，进而导致容器无法停止、产生僵尸进程等问题。

#dumb-init旨在模拟初始化系统功能，避免上述问题的发生

RUN curl -sSL https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init/releases/download/v1.1.3/dumb-init_1.1.3_amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/dumb-init \

    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/dumb-init

{% endblock %}

RUN touch /usr/local/bin/kolla_extend_start \

    && chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/kolla_start /usr/local/bin/kolla_extend_start /usr/local/bin/kolla_set_configs \

    && chmod 440 /etc/sudoers \

    && mkdir -p /var/log/kolla \

    && chown :kolla /var/log/kolla \

    && chmod 2775 /var/log/kolla \

    && rm -f /tmp/kolla_bashrc

{% block base_footer %}{% endblock %}

CMD ["kolla_start"]

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