CentOS挂载新硬盘

1.查看当前硬盘使用状况：

df -h

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1            .9G  .5G  .1G  % /

2.查看新硬盘 

 fdisk -l 

 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk -l            

 Disk /dev/xvda:  MB,  bytes
  heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
 Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
 Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236

     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 /dev/xvda1   *                        +    Linux

 Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB,  bytes
  heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
 Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
 Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

 Disk /dev/xvdc:  MB,  bytes
  heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
 Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
 Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

这结果很明显让人烦躁,一坨屎一样,下面我们过滤一下

命令:

fdisk -l  |grep Disk

结果:

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk -l  |grep Disk
Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvda:  MB,  bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB,  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/xvdc:  MB,  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

这个看起来让人舒心多了,

结果中:

提示这个

Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

这两行应该就是说还没有挂载上去的硬盘了.

新添加的硬盘的编号为

/dev/xvdb

/dev/xvdc

3.硬盘分区

• 进入fdisk模式

 fdisk /dev/xvdb  

 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdb
 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
 Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7ca79642.
 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
 After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

 Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table  will be corrected by w(rite)

 WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
          switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
          sectors (command 'u').

 Command (m for help): 

•  输入n进行分区 

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p

这里有两个选项： 
   p: 主分区 linux上主分区最多能有4个 
   e: 扩展分区 linux上扩展分区只能有1个，扩展分区创建后不能直接使用，还要在扩展分区上创建逻辑分区。

这里我选择的p。

• 选择分区个数

Partition number (-): 

可以选择4个分区，这里我只分成1个分区

• 设置柱面，这里选择默认值就可以,直接按回车过去

First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value 

• 输入w，写入分区表，进行分区 

Command (m for help):w

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

整个过程如下:

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7ca79642.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table  will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)

Last login: Fri Jun  ::  from 112.90.239.105
root@VM_160_34_centos:~>
Display all  possibilities? (y or n)
root@VM_160_34_centos:~>
root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvd
xvda   xvda1  xvdb   xvdc
root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc925c1ae.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table  will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p
Partition number (-):
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value 

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4.格式化分区 

将新分区格式化为ext3文件系统

• 如果创建的是主分区

#mkfs -t ext3  /dev/xvdb

root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mkfs -t ext3  /dev/xvdb
mke2fs 1.41. (-May-)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size= (log=)
Fragment size= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        , , , , , , , , ,
        , , 

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or
 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.  挂载硬盘

• 创建挂载点

在根目录下创建storage目录

#mkdir /storage 

• 将/dev/xvdb挂载到/storage下 

#mount /dev/xvdb /storage

• 设置开机启动自动挂载 

新创建的分区不能开机自动挂载，每次重启机器都要手动挂载。 
    设置开机自动挂载需要修改/etc/fstab文件

 #vi /etc/fstab 

在文件的最后增加一行

 /dev/xvdb /storage ext3 defaults   

过程如下:

 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mkdir /storage
 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mount /dev/xvdb /storage
 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> vi /etc/fstab 

 /dev/xvda1            /                    ext3       noatime,acl,user_xattr
 /dev/xvdc            swap                 swap       defaults
 proc                 /proc                proc       defaults
 sysfs                /sys                 sysfs      noauto
 debugfs              /sys/kernel/debug    debugfs    noauto
 devpts               /dev/pts             devpts     mode=,gid=
 /dev/xvdb            /storage             ext3       defaults
 ~
 ~
 ~
 ~
 ~
 "/etc/fstab" 7L, 536C written
 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> clear

结果:

root@VM_160_34_centos:/storage> ll /
total
dr-xr-xr-x    root root   May  : bin
dr-xr-xr-x    root root   May    boot
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Dec  : data
drwxr-xr-x   root root   Jun  : dev
drwxr-xr-x   root root   Jun  : etc
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Jun   : home
dr-xr-xr-x   root root   Jun    lib
dr-xr-xr-x    root root  Jun    lib64
drwx------    root root  May    lost+found
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Sep    media
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Sep    mnt
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Sep    opt
dr-xr-xr-x  root root      Jun    proc
dr-xr-x---    root root   Jun  : root
dr-xr-xr-x    root root  Jun    sbin
drwxr-xr-x    root root   May    selinux
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Sep    srv
drwxr-xr-x    root root   Jun  : storage
drwxr-xr-x   root root      Jun    sys
drwxrwxrwt    root root   Jun  : tmp
drwxr-xr-x   root root   May    usr
drwxr-xr-x   root root   Jul    var
root@VM_160_34_centos:/storage> fdisk -l  |grep Disk
Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/xvda:  MB,  bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB,  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/xvdc:  MB,  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
root@VM_160_34_centos:/storage> df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1            .9G  .5G  .1G  % /
/dev/xvdb              50G  180M   47G   % /storage

教程到此结束!