C#复杂XML反序列化为实体对象两种方式

前言

　　今天主要讲的是如何把通过接口获取到的Xml数据转换成（反序列化）我们想要的实体对象，当然Xml反序列化和Json反序列化的方式基本上都是大同小异。都是我们事先定义好对应的对应的Xml实体模型，不过Xml是通过XmlSerializer类的相关特性来对实体对象和 XML文档之间进行序列化和反序列化操作的。序列化和反序列化其实都还好，我们可以调用封装好的XmlHelper帮助类即可实现，最关键的是我们该如何去定义这些实体模型（Model）。当你遇到对方接口一下子返回一大串的Xml数据并且里面存在很多不同的Xml节点，你该怎么办一个一个去解析这些节点到模型上去吗？本文我主要讲两种方式，第一种方法是通过手写的方式去定义Xml的实体对象模型类，第二种方法是通过Visual Studio自带的生成Xml实体对象模型类。

需要操作的Xml数据

注意：以下是我稍微简化的Xml数据，实际数据可能比这里要复杂个大几倍。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<envelope>
    <header>
        <version port="1111" host="www.baidu.com">successfuly</version>
        <timestamp>20211216081218</timestamp>
    </header>
    <response type="cities" product="hotel">
        <cities>
            <city>
                <code value="zg" />
                <city_tax value="true" />
                <names>
                    <name language="fr" value="ABANO TERME - PADOUE" />
                    <name language="en" value="ABANO TERME - PADUE" />
                    <name language="nl" value="ABANO TERME - PADUE" />
                </names>
            </city>
            <city>
                <code value="hk" />
                <city_tax value="false" />
                <names>
                    <name language="fr" value="ABBADIA SAN SALVATORE - SIENNE" />
                    <name language="en" value="ABBADIA SAN SALVATORE - SIENA" />
                    <name language="nl" value="ABBADIA SAN SALVATORE - SIENA" />
                </names>
            </city>
        </cities>
    </response>
</envelope>

一、通过是手写的方式去定义Xml的实体对象模型类

当然假如你有耐心、时间充足并且眼睛好的话可以使用这种手写的方式去定义，很多情况写到最好都会把自己给写糊涂了（可能是我年纪大了的原因）。

namespace Practices.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Envelope
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "envelope")]
    public class CityDataModel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// header
        /// </summary>
        [XmlElement("header")]
        public Header header { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// response
        /// </summary>
        [XmlElement("response")]
        public Response response { get; set; }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Header
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "header")]
    public class Header
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// version
        /// </summary>
        [XmlElement("version")]
        public Version version { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// timestamp
        /// </summary>
        [XmlElement("timestamp")]
        public string timestamp { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Version
    /// </summary>
    public class Version
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// port
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute("port")]
        public string port { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// host
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute("host")]
        public string host { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// value：XmlTextAttribute指示该属性作为XML文本处理
        /// </summary>
        [XmlTextAttribute()]
        public string value { get; set; }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Response
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "response")]
    public class Response
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// type
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute]
        public string type { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// product
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute]
        public string product { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// cities
        /// </summary>
        [XmlArray("cities")]
        public List<City> cities { get; set; }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// class: City
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "city")]
    public class City
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// code
        /// </summary>
        [XmlElement("code")]
        public Code code { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// city_tax
        /// </summary>
        [XmlElement("city_tax")]
        public City_tax city_tax { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// names
        /// </summary>
        [XmlArray("names")]
        public List<Name> names { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// class: Code
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "code")]
    public class Code
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute("value")]
        public string value { get; set; }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// class: City_tax
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "city_tax")]
    public class City_tax
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute("value")]
        public string value { get; set; }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// class: Name
    /// </summary>
    [XmlType(TypeName = "name")]
    public class Name
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute("language")]
        public string language { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        [XmlAttribute("value")]
        public string value { get; set; }

    }
}

二、通过Visual Studio自带的生成Xml实体对象模型类

Vs被称为宇宙最强IDE也不是没有理由的，它集成了很多自动创建功能，如自动生成Json类、Xml类等，虽然说使用Vs自动生成的Xml模型可读性有点差并且有些冗余，但是快捷省事，只需要略微改动一下即可使用。

1、首先Ctrl+C复制你需要生成的Xml文档内容

2、找到编辑=》选择性粘贴=》将Xml粘贴为类

3、以下是使用VS自动生成的Xml类

namespace Practices.Models
{

    // 注意: 生成的代码可能至少需要 .NET Framework 4.5 或 .NET Core/Standard 2.0。
    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    //TODO:注意这里因为我把类名改成了我自定义的，所以在TypeName这里需要声明Xml文档的节点名
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(typeName: "envelope")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace = "", IsNullable = false)]
    public partial class NewCityDataModel
    {

        private envelopeHeader headerField;

        private envelopeResponse responseField;

        /// <remarks/>
        public envelopeHeader header
        {
            get
            {
                return this.headerField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.headerField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        public envelopeResponse response
        {
            get
            {
                return this.responseField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.responseField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeHeader
    {

        private envelopeHeaderVersion versionField;

        private ulong timestampField;

        /// <remarks/>
        public envelopeHeaderVersion version
        {
            get
            {
                return this.versionField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.versionField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        public ulong timestamp
        {
            get
            {
                return this.timestampField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.timestampField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeHeaderVersion
    {

        private ushort portField;

        private string hostField;

        private string valueField;

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public ushort port
        {
            get
            {
                return this.portField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.portField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public string host
        {
            get
            {
                return this.hostField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.hostField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTextAttribute()]
        public string Value
        {
            get
            {
                return this.valueField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.valueField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeResponse
    {

        private envelopeResponseCity[] citiesField;

        private string typeField;

        private string productField;

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute("city", IsNullable = false)]
        public envelopeResponseCity[] cities
        {
            get
            {
                return this.citiesField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.citiesField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public string type
        {
            get
            {
                return this.typeField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.typeField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public string product
        {
            get
            {
                return this.productField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.productField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeResponseCity
    {

        private envelopeResponseCityCode codeField;

        private envelopeResponseCityCity_tax city_taxField;

        private envelopeResponseCityName[] namesField;

        /// <remarks/>
        public envelopeResponseCityCode code
        {
            get
            {
                return this.codeField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.codeField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        public envelopeResponseCityCity_tax city_tax
        {
            get
            {
                return this.city_taxField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.city_taxField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute("name", IsNullable = false)]
        public envelopeResponseCityName[] names
        {
            get
            {
                return this.namesField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.namesField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeResponseCityCode
    {

        private string valueField;

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public string value
        {
            get
            {
                return this.valueField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.valueField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeResponseCityCity_tax
    {

        private bool valueField;

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public bool value
        {
            get
            {
                return this.valueField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.valueField = value;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.SerializableAttribute()]
    [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
    public partial class envelopeResponseCityName
    {

        private string languageField;

        private string valueField;

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public string language
        {
            get
            {
                return this.languageField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.languageField = value;
            }
        }

        /// <remarks/>
        [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
        public string value
        {
            get
            {
                return this.valueField;
            }
            set
            {
                this.valueField = value;
            }
        }
    }

}

验证两个Xml类是否能够反序列化成功

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取Xml文件内容反序列化为指定的对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath">Xml文件的位置（绝对路径）</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T DeserializeFromXml<T>(string filePath)
        {
            try
            {
                if (!File.Exists(filePath))
                    throw new ArgumentNullException(filePath + " not Exists");
                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(filePath))
                {
                    XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                    T ret = (T)xs.Deserialize(reader);
                    return ret;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return default(T);
            }
        }

C# XML基础入门（XML文件内容增删改查清）

https://www.cnblogs.com/Can-daydayup/p/16036872.html

C#XmlHelper帮助类操作Xml文档的通用方法汇总

https://www.cnblogs.com/Can-daydayup/p/16058817.html

.NET中XML序列化和反序列化常用类和用来控制XML序列化的属性总结

https://www.cnblogs.com/Can-daydayup/p/16052873.html