使用源码编译安装PHP7

2015年6月11日，PHP官网发布消息，正式公开发布PHP7第一版的alpha版本.

PHP7特性：

PHP 7.0.0 Alpha 1使用新版的ZendEngine引擎，带来了许多新的特性，以下是不完全列表：

（1）性能提升：PHP7比PHP5.6性能提升了两倍。 Improved performance: PHP 7 is up to twice as fast as PHP 5.6

（2）全面一致的64位支持。 Consistent 64-bit support

（3）以前的许多致命错误，现在改成抛出异常。Many fatal errors are now Exceptions

（4）移除了一些老的不在支持的SAPI（服务器端应用编程端口）和扩展。Removal of old and unsupported SAPIs and extensions

（5）新增了空接合操作符。The null coalescing operator (??)

（6）新增加了结合比较运算符。Combined comparison Operator (<=>)

（7）新增加了函数的返回类型声明。Return Type Declarations

（8）新增加了标量类型声明。Scalar Type Declarations

（9）新增加匿名类。Anonymous Classes

系统环境：

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ uname -mnprs

Darwin Mac-mini.local 14.3.0 x86_64 i386

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sw_vers

ProductName:	Mac OS X

ProductVersion:	10.10.3

BuildVersion:	14D136

源码安装PHP7:

PHP7下载地址：https://downloads.php.net/~ab/

$ wget https://downloads.php.net/~ab/php-7.0.0alpha1.tar.bz2

$ tar jxf php-7.0.0alpha1.tar.bz2

$ cd php-7.0.0alpha1

$ ./configure

... ...

checking size of long... (cached) 8

checking size of long long... (cached) 8

checking for iconv support... yes

checking for iconv... no

checking for libiconv... no

configure: error: Please specify the install prefix of iconv with --with-iconv=<DIR>

安装 libiconv (字符编码转换库)

网站地址: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/

当前版本: http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

$ tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

$ cd libiconv-1.14

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lib/libiconv

$ make

$ sudo make install

配置参数

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \

--enable-fpm \

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc \

--with-iconv=/usr/local/lib/libiconv \

执行configure配置后，可以看到有如下结果：

... ...

Thank you for using PHP.

config.status: creating php7.spec

config.status: creating main/build-defs.h

config.status: creating scripts/phpize

config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1

config.status: creating scripts/php-config

config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1

config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1

config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1

config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1

config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1

config.status: creating main/php_config.h

config.status: executing default commands

WangTomdeMacBook-Pro:php-7.0.0alpha1 wangtom$

$ make

$ make test

$ sudo make install

查看PHP7是否安装成功

WangTomdeMacBook-Pro:php-7.0.0alpha1 wangtom$ /usr/local/php7/bin/php -v

PHP 7.0.0alpha1 (cli) (built: Jun 20 2015 00:04:19)

Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group

Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/php /usr/bin/php7

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ php -v

PHP 5.5.20 (cli) (built: Feb 25 2015 23:30:53)

Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group

Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ php7 -v

PHP 7.0.0alpha1 (cli) (built: Jun 23 2015 17:24:34)

Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group

Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies

Mac-mini:php-fpm.d WangTom$ which php

/usr/bin/php

Mac-mini:php-fpm.d WangTom$ which php7

/usr/bin/php7

```

### 配置PHP-FPM： 

Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或者解析，所有的外部程序（包括PHP）必须通过FastCGI接口来调用。

PHP-FPM是一个PHP FastCGI管理器,新版的PHP已经集成了php-fpm，在./configure的时候带 –enable-fpm参数即可开启PHP-FPM.

FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation with some additional features (mostly) useful for heavy-loaded sites.

启动 PHP-FPM:

```

Mac-mini:php7 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm

[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125.

[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)

[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration

[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: FPM initialization failed

```

提示错误说/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log 没权限，就给777权限：

$ chmod 777 /usr/local/php7/var/log/

修改 php-fpm 配置文件：

$ cd /usr/local/php7/etc/

$ cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

$ vim php-fpm.conf

  > 打开 error_log这一行的注释，默认该项被注释掉，若不修改会出现提示log文件路径不存在

  > error_log = /usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log

  > 打开inclue这一行的注释

  > include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

修改 /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 文件：

如果这个文件不存在,就从default复制一份：

$ cd /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/

$ cp www.conf.default www.conf

将配置文件中的 user 和 group 部分的 nobody 改成 www:

$ vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

  > user  = www

  > group = www  

开始启动 php-fpm：

```

Mac-mini:php-7.0.0alpha1 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm

[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root

[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] NOTICE: [pool www] 'group' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root

[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] ERROR: unable to bind listening socket for address '127.0.0.1:9000': Address already in use (48)

[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] ERROR: FPM initialization failed

```

这个错误问题有两个：(1)没有使用root账户执行启动命令 (2)端口9000被占用

解决方法：

使用root账户执行php-fpm启动，或 sudo /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm

关闭 PHP-fpm, 并重新启动：

```

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ lsof -P | grep ':9000' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9

Mac-mini:php-7.0.0alpha1 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm -t

[23-Jun-2015 18:30:25] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$

```

修改Nginx 配置：

在 nginx.conf 配置文件server 部分增加fastcgi配置，并重新加载配置文件：

```

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

> location ~ \.php$ {

>  root html;

>  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

>  fastcgi_index index.php;

>  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

>  include fastcgi_params;

> }

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

Mac-mini:~ WangTom$

```

用到的一些命令：

uname: 用来获取电脑和操作系统的相关信息

sw_vers: Mac下查看系统版本信息

lsof: 列出当前系统打开文件（list open files）

which: 指令会在环境变量$PATH设置的目录里查找符合条件的文件

参考链接：

- http://php.net/archive/2015.php#id2015-06-11-3

- http://www.hashbangcode.com/blog/compiling-and-installing-php7-ubuntu

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