Postgresql 定制执行计划pg_hint_plan
一、概述
Plan Hint是PG社区官方版”永远”不考虑引入的功能之一,社区开发者的理念是,引入Hint功能,会掩盖优化器本身的问题,导致缺陷不被暴露出来。但对于使用者来讲,遇到某些SQL的查询计划不好,性能出了问题,其他方法又不奏效的情况下,首先的目标还是想尽快解决问题,而Hint就可以在这种时候帮助到我们。
二、配置
在postgresql.conf中修改shared_preload_libraries=‘pg_hint_plan'
三、示例
1、初始化测试数据
create table t1 (id int, t int, name varchar(255));
create table t2 (id int , salary int);create table t3 (id int , age int);insert into t1 values (1,200,'jack');insert into t1 values (2,300,'tom');insert into t1 values (3,400,'john');insert into t2 values (1,40000);insert into t2 values (2,38000);insert into t2 values (3,18000);insert into t3 values (3,38);insert into t3 values (2,55);insert into t3 values (1,12);explain analyze select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.id=t2.id left join t3 on t1.id=t3.id; QUERY PLAN------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hash Right Join (cost=89.82..337.92 rows=17877 width=540) (actual time=0.053..0.059 rows=3 loops=1) Hash Cond: (t3.id = t1.id) -> Seq Scan on t3 (cost=0.00..32.60 rows=2260 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=3 loops=1) -> Hash (cost=70.05..70.05 rows=1582 width=532) (actual time=0.042..0.043 rows=3 loops=1) Buckets: 2048 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 17kB -> Hash Right Join (cost=13.15..70.05 rows=1582 width=532) (actual time=0.034..0.039 rows=3 loops=1) Hash Cond: (t2.id = t1.id) -> Seq Scan on t2 (cost=0.00..32.60 rows=2260 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=3 loops=1) -> Hash (cost=11.40..11.40 rows=140 width=524) (actual time=0.017..0.017 rows=3 loops=1) Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB -> Seq Scan on t1 (cost=0.00..11.40 rows=140 width=524) (actual time=0.010..0.011 rows=3 loops=1) Planning time: 0.154 ms Execution time: 0.133 mscreate index idx_t1_id on t1(id);
create index idx_t2_id on t2(id);create index idx_t3_id on t3(id);explain analyze select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.id=t2.id left join t3 on t1.id=t3.id; QUERY PLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hash Left Join (cost=2.14..3.25 rows=3 width=540) (actual time=0.045..0.047 rows=3 loops=1) Hash Cond: (t1.id = t3.id) -> Hash Left Join (cost=1.07..2.14 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.030..0.032 rows=3 loops=1) Hash Cond: (t1.id = t2.id) -> Seq Scan on t1 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=524) (actual time=0.005..0.006 rows=3 loops=1) -> Hash (cost=1.03..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.007..0.007 rows=3 loops=1) Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB -> Seq Scan on t2 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=3 loops=1) -> Hash (cost=1.03..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.005..0.005 rows=3 loops=1) Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB -> Seq Scan on t3 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=3 loops=1) Planning time: 0.305 ms Execution time: 0.128 ms2、强制走Index Scan
explain (analyze,buffers) /*+ indexscan(t1) */select * from t1 where id=2;
QUERY PLAN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Scan using idx_t1_id on t1 (cost=0.13..8.15 rows=1 width=524) (actual time=0.044..0.046 rows=1 loops=1) Index Cond: (id = 2) Buffers: shared hit=1 read=1 Planning time: 0.145 ms Execution time: 0.072 msexplain (analyze,buffers) /*+ indexscan(t1 idx_t1_id) */select * from t1 where id=2; QUERY PLAN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Scan using idx_t1_id on t1 (cost=0.13..8.15 rows=1 width=524) (actual time=0.016..0.017 rows=1 loops=1) Index Cond: (id = 2) Buffers: shared hit=2 Planning time: 0.079 ms Execution time: 0.035 ms3、强制多条件组合
/*+ indexscan(t2) indexscan(t1 idx_t1_id) */
/*+ seqscan(t2) indexscan(t1 idx_t1_id) */explain analyze SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON (t1.id = t2.id); QUERY PLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hash Join (cost=1.07..2.14 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.018..0.020 rows=3 loops=1) Hash Cond: (t1.id = t2.id) -> Seq Scan on t1 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=524) (actual time=0.006..0.007 rows=3 loops=1) -> Hash (cost=1.03..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.005..0.005 rows=3 loops=1) Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB -> Seq Scan on t2 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.001..0.003 rows=3 loops=1) Planning time: 0.114 ms Execution time: 0.055 ms(8 rows)/*+ indexscan(t2) indexscan(t1 idx_t1_id) */explain analyze SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON (t1.id = t2.id);
QUERY PLAN----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Merge Join (cost=0.26..24.40 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.047..0.053 rows=3 loops=1) Merge Cond: (t1.id = t2.id) -> Index Scan using idx_t1_id on t1 (cost=0.13..12.18 rows=3 width=524) (actual time=0.014..0.015 rows=3 loops=1) -> Index Scan using idx_t2_id on t2 (cost=0.13..12.18 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.026..0.028 rows=3 loops=1)/*+ seqscan(t2) indexscan(t1 idx_t1_id) */explain analyze SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON (t1.id = t2.id);
QUERY PLAN----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop (cost=0.13..13.35 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.025..0.032 rows=3 loops=1) Join Filter: (t1.id = t2.id) Rows Removed by Join Filter: 6 -> Index Scan using idx_t1_id on t1 (cost=0.13..12.18 rows=3 width=524) (actual time=0.016..0.018 rows=3 loops=1) -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.04 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=3 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on t2 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.004..0.005 rows=3 loops=1)4、强制指定join method
/*+ NestLoop(t1 t2) MergeJoin(t1 t2 t3) Leading(t1 t2 t3) */
explain analyze select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.id=t2.id left join t3 on t1.id=t3.id; QUERY PLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Merge Left Join (cost=3.28..3.34 rows=3 width=540) (actual time=0.093..0.096 rows=3 loops=1) Merge Cond: (t1.id = t3.id) -> Sort (cost=2.23..2.23 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.077..0.078 rows=3 loops=1) Sort Key: t1.id Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 25kB -> Nested Loop Left Join (cost=0.00..2.20 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.015..0.020 rows=3 loops=1) Join Filter: (t1.id = t2.id) Rows Removed by Join Filter: 6 -> Seq Scan on t1 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=524) (actual time=0.005..0.005 rows=3 loops=1) -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.04 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=3 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on t2 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=3 loops=1) -> Sort (cost=1.05..1.06 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.012..0.013 rows=3 loops=1) Sort Key: t3.id Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 25kB -> Seq Scan on t3 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=3 loops=1)/*+ NestLoop(t1 t2 t3) MergeJoin(t2 t3) Leading(t1 (t2 t3)) */
explain analyze select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.id=t2.id left join t3 on t1.id=t3.id;QUERY PLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nested Loop Left Join (cost=1.07..3.31 rows=3 width=540) (actual time=0.036..0.041 rows=3 loops=1) Join Filter: (t1.id = t3.id) Rows Removed by Join Filter: 6 -> Hash Left Join (cost=1.07..2.14 rows=3 width=532) (actual time=0.030..0.032 rows=3 loops=1) Hash Cond: (t1.id = t2.id) -> Seq Scan on t1 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=524) (actual time=0.008..0.009 rows=3 loops=1) -> Hash (cost=1.03..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.007..0.007 rows=3 loops=1) Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 9kB -> Seq Scan on t2 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.004 rows=3 loops=1) -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.04 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.001..0.002 rows=3 loops=3) -> Seq Scan on t3 (cost=0.00..1.03 rows=3 width=8) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=3 loops=1)5、控制单条SQL的cost
/*+ set(seq_page_cost 20.0) seqscan(t1) */
/*+ set(seq_page_cost 20.0) seqscan(t1) */explain analyze select * from t1 where id > 1; QUERY PLAN----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on t1 (cost=0.00..20.04 rows=1 width=524) (actual time=0.011..0.013 rows=2 loops=1) Filter: (id > 1) Rows Removed by Filter: 1Postgresql 定制执行计划pg_hint_plan的更多相关文章
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