走进 thrift server

thrift的使用介绍

thriftthrift clientthrift serverthrift 0.7.0 

一、About  thrift  
二、什么是thrift，怎么工作？
三、Thrift  IDL
四、Thrift   Demo
五、Thrift 协议栈 以及各层的使用（java 为例）
六、与protocolbuffer的区别

一、About  thrift  
         thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的发展软件框架。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈的代码生成引擎，以建设服务，工作效率和无缝地与C + +，C#，Java，Python和PHP和Ruby结合。thrift是facebook开发的，我们现在把它作为开源软件使用。thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件，编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言（来自百度百科）。   
  >>>最初由facebook开发用做系统内个语言之间的RPC通信 。
  >>>2007年由facebook贡献到apache基金 ，现在是apache下的opensource之一 。
  >>>支持多种语言之间的RPC方式的通信：php语言client可以构造一个对象，调用相应的服务方法来调用java语言的服务 ，跨越语言的C/S   rpc  调用 。

二、什么是thrift，怎么工作？

java  rmi的例子，代码见附件，建立一个java rmi的流程  ：
  >>>定义一个服务调用接口 。
  >>>server端：接口实现---impl的实例---注册该服务实现（端口）---启动服务。
  >>>client端：通过ip、端口、服务名，得到服务，通过接口来调用 。
  >>>rmi数据传输方式：java对象序列化 。

Thrift  服务 
  >>>例同rmi ，需要定义通信接口、实现、注册服务、绑定端口……
  >>>如何多种语言之间通信  ？
  >>>数据传输走socket（多种语言均支持），数据再以特定的格式（String ），发送，接收方语言解析   。
        Object --->  String --->  Object  。

问题：编码、解析完全需要自己做 ，复杂的数据结构会编码困难 .

Thrift  服务 ：thrift的中间编码层
  >>>java  Object ---> Thrift  Object ---> php  Object  
  >>> 定义thrift的文件 ，由thrift文件（IDL）生成 双方语言的接口、model ，在生成的model以及接口中会有解码编码的代码 。
  >>>thrift   文件例子
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  java    TestThrift.thrift    生成java 代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  php    TestThrift.thrift    生成php代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  py       TestThrift.thrift    生成python代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  as3     TestThrift.thrift    生成as3代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  cpp     TestThrift.thrift    生成C++代码

三、Thrift  IDL
                
       http://www.cnblogs.com/tianhuilove/archive/2011/09/05/2167669.html

http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/
          
       http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftTypes

四、Thrift   Demo
Thrift  IDL 文件

1. namespace java com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index
2. struct  NewsModel{
3. :i32 id ;
4. :string title;
5. :string content;
6. :string media_from;
7. :string author;
8. }
9. service IndexNewsOperatorServices {
10. bool indexNews(:NewsModel indexNews),
11. bool deleteArtificiallyNews(:i32 id )
12. }

namespace java com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index

struct  NewsModel{
1:i32 id ;
2:string title;
3:string content;
4:string media_from;
5:string author;
}

service IndexNewsOperatorServices {
bool indexNews(1:NewsModel indexNews),
bool deleteArtificiallyNews(1:i32 id )
}

java  server

1. package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;
2. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
3. import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
4. import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
5. import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
6. import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;
7. import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
8. import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;
9. import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory;
10. public class ThriftServerTest {
11. /**
12. * @param args
13. */
14. public static void main(String[] args) {
15. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
16. IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor processor = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor(new IndexNewsOperatorServicesImpl());
17. try{
18. TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket( new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0",));
19. Args trArgs=new Args(serverTransport);
20. trArgs.processor(processor);
21. //使用二进制来编码应用层的数据
22. trArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true));
23. //使用普通的socket来传输数据
24. trArgs.transportFactory(new TTransportFactory());
25. TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(trArgs);
26. System.out.println("server begin ......................");
27. server.serve();
28. System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
29. server.stop();
30. }catch(Exception e){
31. throw new RuntimeException("index thrift server start failed!!"+"/n"+e.getMessage());
32. }
33. }
34. }

package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory;

public class ThriftServerTest {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor processor = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor(new IndexNewsOperatorServicesImpl());
		try{
			TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket( new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0",9813));
			Args trArgs=new Args(serverTransport);
			trArgs.processor(processor);
			//使用二进制来编码应用层的数据
			trArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true));
			//使用普通的socket来传输数据
			trArgs.transportFactory(new TTransportFactory());
			TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(trArgs);
			System.out.println("server begin ......................");
			server.serve();
			System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
			server.stop();
		}catch(Exception e){
			throw new RuntimeException("index thrift server start failed!!"+"/n"+e.getMessage());
		}
	}

}

java client

1. package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;
2. import org.apache.thrift.TException;
3. import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
4. import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
5. import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
6. import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
7. public class ThriftClientTest {
8. /**
9. * @param args
10. * @throws TException
11. */
12. public static void main(String[] args) throws TException {
13. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
14. TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", );
15. long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
16. //      TTransport transport = new TSocket("218.11.178.110",9090);
17. TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
18. IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client=new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);
19. transport.open();
20. client.deleteArtificiallyNews();
21. NewsModel newsModel=new NewsModel();
22. newsModel.setId();
23. newsModel.setTitle("this from java client");
24. newsModel.setContent("　世界杯比赛前，由于塞尔维亚和黑山突然宣布分裂，国际足联开会决定剔除塞黑，由世界上球迷最多的国家顶替，名额恰巧来到中国。举国上下一片欢腾，中国足协决定由“成世铎”（成龙+阎世铎）组队，进军世界杯。");
25. newsModel.setAuthor("ddc");
26. newsModel.setMedia_from("新华08");
27. client.indexNews(newsModel);
28. transport.close();
29. System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
30. System.out.println("client sucess!");
31. }
32. }

package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;

import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;

public class ThriftClientTest {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 * @throws TException
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws TException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
		long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
//		TTransport transport = new TSocket("218.11.178.110",9090);
        TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
        IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client=new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);
        transport.open();

        client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123456);
        NewsModel newsModel=new NewsModel();
        newsModel.setId(789456);
        newsModel.setTitle("this from java client");
        newsModel.setContent("　世界杯比赛前，由于塞尔维亚和黑山突然宣布分裂，国际足联开会决定剔除塞黑，由世界上球迷最多的国家顶替，名额恰巧来到中国。举国上下一片欢腾，中国足协决定由“成世铎”（成龙+阎世铎）组队，进军世界杯。");
        newsModel.setAuthor("ddc");
        newsModel.setMedia_from("新华08");
        client.indexNews(newsModel);
        transport.close();
        System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
        System.out.println("client sucess!");
	}

}

php client

1. <?php
2. $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'] = '/home/tjiang/demo/thrift/lib/php/src';
3. require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/Thrift.php';
4. require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.php';
5. require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TSocket.php';
6. require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/THttpClient.php';
7. require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TBufferedTransport.php';
8. include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/TestThrift_types.php';
9. include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/IndexNewsOperatorServices.php';
10. $data=array(
11. 'id'=>'1',
12. 'title'=>'demo-标题',
13. 'content'=>'demo-内容',
14. 'media_from'=>'hexun',
15. 'author'=>'xiaodi667'
16. );
17. $thrif_server_url = '10.0.0.41';
18. $transport = new TSocket($thrif_server_url, 9813);
19. $transport->open();
20. $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);
21. $client= new IndexNewsOperatorServicesClient($protocol, $protocol);
22. $obj = new NewsModel($data);
23. $result = $client->indexNews($obj);
24. $transport->close();
25. ?>

<?php
$GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'] = '/home/tjiang/demo/thrift/lib/php/src';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/Thrift.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TSocket.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/THttpClient.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TBufferedTransport.php';
include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/TestThrift_types.php';
include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/IndexNewsOperatorServices.php';
$data=array(
'id'=>'1',
'title'=>'demo-标题',
'content'=>'demo-内容',
'media_from'=>'hexun',
'author'=>'xiaodi667'
);
$thrif_server_url = '10.0.0.41';
$transport = new TSocket($thrif_server_url, 9813);
$transport->open();

$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);

$client= new IndexNewsOperatorServicesClient($protocol, $protocol);
$obj = new NewsModel($data);
$result = $client->indexNews($obj);

$transport->close();
?>

python client

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. #
3. # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
4. # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
5. # distributed with this work for additional information
6. # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
7. # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
8. # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
9. # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
10. #
11. #   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
12. #
13. # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
14. # software distributed under the License is distributed on an
15. # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
16. # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
17. # specific language governing permissions and limitations
18. # under the License.
19. #
20. import sys
21. from TestThrift.ttypes import NewsModel
22. from TestThrift.IndexNewsOperatorServices import Client
23. from thrift import Thrift
24. from thrift.transport import TSocket
25. from thrift.transport import TTransport
26. from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
27. try:
28. # Make socket
29. transport = TSocket.TSocket('10.0.0.41', 9813)
30. # Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow
31. transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
32. # Wrap in a protocol
33. protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
34. # Create a client to use the protocol encoder
35. client = Client(protocol)
36. # Connect!
37. transport.open()
38. client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123)
39. newsModel=NewsModel()
40. newsModel.id=123456
41. newsModel.title="python Test"
42. newsModel.content="client test  come from python";
43. newsModel.media_from="xinhua08"
44. client.indexNews(newsModel)
45. #close
46. transport.close()
47. except Thrift.TException, tx:
48. print '%s' % (tx.message)

#!/usr/bin/env python

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#

import sys

from TestThrift.ttypes import NewsModel
from TestThrift.IndexNewsOperatorServices import Client

from thrift import Thrift
from thrift.transport import TSocket
from thrift.transport import TTransport
from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol

try:

  # Make socket
  transport = TSocket.TSocket('10.0.0.41', 9813)

  # Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow
  transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)

  # Wrap in a protocol
  protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)

  # Create a client to use the protocol encoder
  client = Client(protocol)

  # Connect!
  transport.open()

  client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123)

  newsModel=NewsModel()
  newsModel.id=123456
  newsModel.title="python Test"
  newsModel.content="client test  come from python";
  newsModel.media_from="xinhua08"

  client.indexNews(newsModel)

  #close
  transport.close()
except Thrift.TException, tx:
  print '%s' % (tx.message)

Csharp client

1. TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
2. TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
3. IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);
4. transport.Open();
5. NewsModel model = new NewsModel();
6. model.Author = "jww";
7. model.Title = "title";
8. model.Content = "client   Come   From   CSharp";
9. model.Id = 1;
10. client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123);
11. Console.WriteLine(client.indexNews(model));

                TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
                TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
                IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);

                transport.Open();
                NewsModel model = new NewsModel();
                model.Author = "jww";
                model.Title = "title";
                model.Content = "client   Come   From   CSharp";
                model.Id = 1;

                client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123);
                Console.WriteLine(client.indexNews(model));

五、Thrift 协议栈 以及各层的使用（java 为例）

1、model   interface
       服务的调用接口以及接口参数model、返回值model
2、Tprotocol    协议层
         将数据（model）编码 、解码 。
3、Ttramsport 传输层
        编码后的数据传输（简单socket、http）
5、Tserver
        服务的Tserver类型，实现了几种rpc调用（单线程、多线程、非阻塞IO）

六、与protocolbuffer的区别
http://liuchangit.com/development/346.html
           
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/69316/biggest-differences-of-thrift-vs-protocol-buffers

区别：
1、Another important difference are the languages supported by default.    protobuf: Java, C++, Python    Thrift: Java, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, Smalltalk, Ocaml
支持语言不同，thrift支持着更多的语言 。
2、Thrift supports ‘exceptions 。
   thrift支持服务的异常 。
3、Protocol Buffers much easier to read 。Protobuf API looks cleaner, though the generated classes are all packed as an inner classes which is not so nice.
   Protocol Buffers 在文档方面比thrift丰富，而且比thrift简单 。
4、Protobuf serialized objects are about 30% smaller then Thrift.
   Protocol Buffers在序列化/反序列化、传输上性能更优 。
5、RPC is another key difference. Thrift generates code to implement RPC clients and servers wheres Protocol Buffers seems mostly designed as a data-interchange format alone. 
    thrift提供了一套完整的rpc服务实现（多线程socket、非阻塞的socket....）
6、And according to the wiki the Thrift runtime doesn't run on Windows.
   thrift 对有些语言在windows上不支持：C++   .....

原文转自： http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-7139-1-1.html