12 Windows编程——子窗口和系统内置窗口类“BUTTON”

创建子窗口类，使得子窗口有自己的处理过程。

子窗口类型WS_CHILD不能和WS_POPUP一起使用！
为什么子窗口要有自己的处理过程？
如果使用主窗口类来创建子窗口，那么子窗口和主窗口将公用窗口处理过程，此时，窗口处理过程在进行消息处理的时候，必须判断是哪个窗口的消息，非常不方便。
子窗口必须有自己的窗口类型WSCHILD，并且子窗口的父窗口句柄一定不能使NULL，子窗口的坐标主窗口的映射方式和客户区有关。否则CreateWindow函数就会失败。

客户定制消息：WL_USER+N，其中N可以是0x7FFF-WM_USER之间的任何值。发送窗口消息的函数：

SendMessage

LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage(
  _In_ HWND   hWnd,
  _In_ UINT   Msg,
  _In_ WPARAM wParam,
  _In_ LPARAM lParam
);

将指定的消息发送到一个或多个窗口。此函数为指定的窗口调用窗口程序，直到窗口程序处理完消息再返回。和函数PostMessage不同，PostMessage是将一个消息寄送到一个线程的消息队列后就立即返回。
hWnd：　　发送消息的目标窗口；
Msg:　　  WMXXX消息；
wParam： 用户自定义的一个32位值；
1param： 用户自定义的一个32为值；

设置当前的背景色

COLORREF SetBkColor(
  HDC      hdc,
  COLORREF color
);

用指定的颜色值来设置当前的背景色，如果指定的颜色值超出了当前设备的表示范围，则设置为最近似的、设备可以表示的颜色。

hdc：设置上下文句柄

color：标识新的背景颜色值。如果想要获得COLORREF的值，请使用RGB宏。

改变窗口位置

BOOL WINAPI SetWindowPos(
  _In_     HWND hWnd,
  _In_opt_ HWND hWndInsertAfter,
  _In_     int  X,
  _In_     int  Y,
  _In_     int  cx,
  _In_     int  cy,
  _In_     UINT uFlags
);

改变一个子窗口，弹出式窗口或顶层窗口的尺寸，位置和Z序。

hwnd：在z序中的位于被置位的窗口前的窗口句柄。该参数必须为一个窗口句柄

hWndlnsertAfter：用于标识在z-顺序的此 CWnd 对象之前的 CWnd 对象。如果uFlags参数中设置了SWP_NOZORDER标记则本参数将被忽略。可为下列值之一：

• • HWND_BOTTOM：值为1，将窗口置于Z序的底部。如果参数hWnd标识了一个顶层窗口，则窗口失去顶级位置，并且被置在其他窗口的底部。
  • HWND_NOTOPMOST：值为-2，将窗口置于所有非顶层窗口之上（即在所有顶层窗口之后）。如果窗口已经是非顶层窗口则该标志不起作用。
  • HWND_TOP：值为0，将窗口置于Z序的顶部。
  • HWND_TOPMOST：值为-1，将窗口置于所有非顶层窗口之上。即使窗口未被激活窗口也将保持顶级位置。

X：以客户坐标指定窗口新位置的左边界。

Y：以客户坐标指定窗口新位置的顶边界。

cx：以像素指定窗口的新的宽度。

cy：以像素指定窗口的新的高度。

uFlags：窗口尺寸和定位的标志。

改变指定窗口的属性

LONG WINAPI SetWindowLong(
  _In_ HWND hWnd,
  _In_ int  nIndex,
  _In_ LONG dwNewLong
);

hwnd：　　　　窗口句柄；
nIndex：　　 要改变窗口的那个参数；
dwNewLong： 窗口参数的新值；

 获取窗口类信息

BOOL WINAPI GetClassInfo(
  _In_opt_ HINSTANCE  hInstance,
  _In_     LPCTSTR    lpClassName,
  _Out_    LPWNDCLASS lpWndClass
);

hInstance： 当前程序的基地址，也就是程序的句柄；
1pclassName： 类名；
1pwndclass：    指向 WNDCLASS类型的指针；

画矩形

BOOL Rectangle(
  HDC hdc,
  int left,
  int top,
  int right,
  int bottom
);

画一个矩形，可以用当前的画笔画矩形轮廓，用当前画刷进行填充。

hdc： 设备环境句柄。

left： 指定矩形左上角的逻辑X坐标。

top： 指定矩形左上角的逻辑Y坐标。

right：   指定矩形右下角的逻辑X坐标。

bottom： 指定矩形右下角的逻辑Y坐标。

返回值：如果函数调用成功，返回值非零，否则返回值为0

获得当前程序基地址，或者HINSTANCE的函数：GetModuleHandle（NULL）；

系统内置的窗口类型“BUTTON”
WL_COMMAND消息：
wParam：
lparam：

不使用子窗口类创建一个按钮，点击按钮按钮会变色，源码

 //#define _AFXDLL
 //#include<afx.h>
 #include<Windows.h>
 #include<tchar.h>

 #ifndef _AFXDELL
 #define TRACE(a,b)
 #endif

 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

 int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE tmp, LPSTR szCmd, int nShow)
 {
     WNDCLASS WndClass;
     TCHAR* ClassName = TEXT("MyClass");
     HWND hwnd;
     MSG msg;
     HBRUSH hBrush;

     hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(,,));
     WndClass.cbClsExtra = ;
     WndClass.cbWndExtra = ;
     WndClass.hbrBackground = hBrush;
     WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
     WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
     WndClass.hInstance = hInst;
     WndClass.lpfnWndProc = WindProc;
     WndClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
     WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
     WndClass.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW;

     RegisterClass(&WndClass);
     hwnd = CreateWindow(ClassName, TEXT("Hello"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, , , NULL, NULL, hInst, NULL);
     ShowWindow(hwnd, nShow);
     UpdateWindow(hwnd);

     while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , ))
     {
         TranslateMessage(&msg);
         DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }
     return ;
 }
 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
     HDC hdc;
     PAINTSTRUCT pt;
     HBRUSH hBrush;
     static int status;
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
         return ;
     case WM_SIZE:
         return ;
     case WM_PAINT:
         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &pt);
         if(status == )
         {
             hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(, , ));
             SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
             Rectangle(hdc, , , , );
             SetBkColor(hdc, RGB(, , ));
             TextOut(hdc, , , TEXT("OK"), );
             TextOut(hdc, , , TEXT("Hit me!"), );
         }
         else
         {
             hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(, , ));
             SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
             Rectangle(hdc, , , , );
             SetBkColor(hdc, RGB(, , ));
             TextOut(hdc, , , TEXT("OK"), );
             TextOut(hdc, , , TEXT("Hit me!"), );
         }
         EndPaint(hwnd, &pt);
         return ;
     case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
         if (LOWORD(lParam)> && LOWORD(lParam)< && HIWORD(lParam)< && HIWORD(lParam)>)
         {
             status = ;
             InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL,TRUE);
         }
         return ;
     case WM_LBUTTONUP:
         InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL,TRUE);
         status = ;
         return ;
     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         return ;
     default:
         break;
     }

     return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
 }

使用子窗口创建按钮

 .h
 //#pragma once
 //#define _AFXDLL
 //#include<afx.h>
 #include<Windows.h>
 #include<tchar.h>

 #ifndef _AFXDELL
 #define TRACE(a,b)
 #endif

 HWND CreateChild(HWND ParentHwnd, int x, int y, int cx, int cy);
 extern HINSTANCE G_hInst;

 .c
 #include"1.h"
 HINSTANCE G_hInst;
 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

 int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE tmp, LPSTR szCmd, int nShow)
 {
     WNDCLASS WndClass;
     TCHAR* ClassName = TEXT("MyClass");
     HWND hwnd;
     MSG msg;
     HBRUSH hBrush;

     hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(,,));
     G_hInst = hInst;
     WndClass.cbClsExtra = ;
     WndClass.cbWndExtra = ;
     WndClass.hbrBackground = hBrush;
     WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
     WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
     WndClass.hInstance = hInst;
     WndClass.lpfnWndProc = WindProc;
     WndClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
     WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
     WndClass.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW;

     RegisterClass(&WndClass);
     hwnd = CreateWindow(ClassName, TEXT("Hello"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, , , NULL, NULL, hInst, NULL);
     ShowWindow(hwnd, nShow);
     UpdateWindow(hwnd);

     while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , ))
     {
         TranslateMessage(&msg);
         DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }
     return ;
 }
 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
     HDC hdc;
     PAINTSTRUCT pt;
     HBRUSH hBrush;
     static int status;
     static HWND child1,child2,child3;
     TCHAR buf[];
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
         child1 = CreateChild(hwnd, , , , );
         child2 = CreateChild(hwnd, , , , );
         child3 = CreateChild(hwnd, , , , );
         return ;
     case WM_SIZE:
         return ;
     case WM_PAINT:
         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &pt);
         EndPaint(hwnd, &pt);
         return ;
     case WM_USER+:
         hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
         if((LPARAM)child1==lParam)
         {
             TextOut(hdc,,,TEXT("Hit First button"),);
         }
         if((LPARAM)child2==lParam)
         {
             TextOut(hdc,,,TEXT("Hit Second button"),);
         }
         if((LPARAM)child3==lParam)
         {
             TextOut(hdc,,,TEXT("Hit Third button"),);
         }
         ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
         ValidateRect(hwnd, NULL);
         return ;
     case WM_USER + :
         InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
         return ;
     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         return ;
     default:
         break;
     }

     return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
 }

 .c
 #include"1.h"
 extern HINSTANCE G_hInst;
 static LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

 HWND CreateChild(HWND ParentHwnd, int x, int y, int cx, int cy)
 {
     WNDCLASS WndClass,MyWnd;
     TCHAR* ClassName = TEXT("MyChild");
     HWND hwnd;
     MSG msg;
     HBRUSH hBrush;

     hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(, , ));
     WndClass.cbClsExtra = ;
     WndClass.cbWndExtra = ;
     WndClass.hbrBackground = hBrush;
     WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
     WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
     WndClass.hInstance = G_hInst;
     WndClass.lpfnWndProc = WindProc;
     WndClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
     WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
     WndClass.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW;

     if (!GetClassInfo(G_hInst,ClassName,&MyWnd))
     {
         RegisterClass(&WndClass);
     }

     hwnd = CreateWindow(ClassName, TEXT("OK"), WS_CHILD, x, y, cx, cy, ParentHwnd, NULL, G_hInst, NULL);
     ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
     UpdateWindow(hwnd);

     //GetMessage第二个参数为NULL时，会获取所有消息。因为父窗口已经获取消息了，所以没必要再获取了
     /*while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
         TranslateMessage(&msg);
         DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }*/
     return hwnd;
 }

 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
     HDC hdc;
     PAINTSTRUCT pt;
     HBRUSH hBrush;
     static int status;
     static int cx,cy;

     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
         return ;
     case WM_SIZE:
         cx=LOWORD(lParam);
         cy=HIWORD(lParam);
         return ;
     case WM_PAINT:
         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &pt);
         //TRACE(TEXT("status=%d\n"),status);
         if (status == )
         {
             hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(, , ));
             SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
             Rectangle(hdc, , , cx,cy);
             SetBkColor(hdc, RGB(, , ));
             TextOut(hdc, ,, TEXT("OK"), );
         }
         else
         {
             hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(, , ));
             SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
             Rectangle(hdc, , , cx,cy);
             SetBkColor(hdc, RGB(, , ));
             TextOut(hdc, ,, TEXT("OK"), );
         }
         EndPaint(hwnd, &pt);
         return ;
     case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
         {
             status = ;
             InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
             SendMessage(hwnd,WM_PAINT,NULL,NULL);
             SendMessage(GetParent(hwnd), WM_USER + , NULL,(LPARAM)hwnd);

         }
         return ;
     case WM_LBUTTONUP:
         status = ;
         InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
         SendMessage(GetParent(hwnd), WM_USER + , NULL,NULL);
         return ;
     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         return ;
     default:
         break;
     }

     return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
 }

还可以使用WIndows自身的button控件

 #include<Windows.h>
 #include<Windowsx.h>

 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

 int WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE tmp, LPSTR szCmd, int nShow)
 {
     WNDCLASS WndClass;
     TCHAR* ClassName = TEXT("MyClass");
     HWND hwnd;
     MSG msg;

     WndClass.cbClsExtra = ;
     WndClass.cbWndExtra = ;
     WndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + );
     WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
     WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
     WndClass.hInstance = hInst;
     WndClass.lpfnWndProc = WindProc;
     WndClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
     WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
     WndClass.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW;

     if (!RegisterClass(&WndClass))
     {
         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Gegister Class Fail!!"), TEXT("error"), MB_OK);
         return ;
     }

     hwnd = CreateWindow(ClassName, TEXT("Hello"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, , , NULL, NULL, hInst, NULL);
     if (hwnd == NULL)
     {
         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Create Window Fail!!"), TEXT("error"), MB_OK);
         return ;
     }
     ShowWindow(hwnd, nShow);
     UpdateWindow(hwnd);

     while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , ))
     {
         TranslateMessage(&msg);
         DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }

     return ;
 }

 LRESULT CALLBACK WindProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
     HDC hdc;
     static HWND  button;
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
         button = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("OK"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, , , , , hwnd, NULL, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL);
         //禁用按钮，按钮变灰色
         //Button_Enable(button, FALSE);
         Button_SetText(button,TEXT("测试"));
         return ;
     case WM_COMMAND:
         hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
         if (button == (HWND)lParam)
         {
             TextOut(hdc, , , TEXT("Hit Button"), );
         }
         if (BN_CLICKED == HIWORD(wParam)) //测试控件通知码
         {
             TextOut(hdc, , , TEXT("BN_CLICKED Hit Button"), );
         }
         ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
         ValidateRect(hwnd, NULL);
     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         return ;
     default:
         break;
     }

     return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
 }

HIWORD(wParam)控件通知码

LOWORD(wParam)控件标识

lParam控件的窗口句柄