Spring-boot -Web开发

1）、创建SpringBoot应用，选中我们需要的模块；

2）、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了，只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来

3）、自己编写业务代码；

文件名的功能

xxxxAutoConfiguration：帮我们给容器中自动配置组件；
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容；

SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则；

可配置：

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数，缓存时间等

自动配置类里面所规定的一些映射:

WebMvcAuotConfiguration：
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                return;
            }
            Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
            String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
              //静态资源文件夹映射
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
        }

        //配置欢迎页映射
        @Bean
        public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
                ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
            return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
                    this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
        }

       //配置喜欢的图标
        @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
        public static class FaviconConfiguration {

            private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

            public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
            }

            @Bean
            public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                  //所有  **/favicon.ico
                mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                        faviconRequestHandler()));
                return mapping;
            }

            @Bean
            public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                requestHandler
                        .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
                return requestHandler;
            }

        }

所有 /webjars/** ，都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源；==

webjars：以jar包的方式引入静态资源；

http://www.webjars.org/

、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源，都去（静态资源的文件夹）找映射==

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/"：当前项目的根路径

localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc

欢迎页； 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面；被"/**"映射；==

localhost:8080/ 找index页面

所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找；==

这个favicon.ico，就是我们访问网站的小标志

模板引擎

将数据库的内容和静态文件的变量都由模板引擎去解决对应的变量问题
最后模板引擎呈现给大家的最终的画面

SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf；

语法更简单，功能更强大；

引入thymeleaf 依赖:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

因为我们没有设置版本，所以默认spring-boot里面的版本是2.多

如果我们要切换默认的版本的化：

<properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
  </properties>

spring-boot 2.0之前是使用2.1.1版本的，但是我查看后发现2.0以后使用了高本吧:

查看步骤：pom.xml文件--spring-boot-starter-parent

--spring-boot-dependencies

---搜索thymeleaf就行

所以使用spring-boot不需要切换版本

thymeleaf 的使用方法和语法：

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {

    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
      //

只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/，thymeleaf就能自动渲染；

在html文件里面导图名称空间，支持提示写入

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

简单使用：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功！</h1>
    <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

thymeleaf的语法规则：

1）、th:text；改变当前元素里面的文本内容；

th：任意html属性；来替换原生属性的值

2）、表达式

Simple expressions:（表达式语法）
    Variable Expressions: ${...}：获取变量值；OGNL；
            1）、获取对象的属性、调用方法
            2）、使用内置的基本对象：
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.

                ${session.foo}
            3）、内置的一些工具对象：
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}：选择表达式：和${}在功能上是一样；
        补充：配合 th:object="${session.user}：
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>

    Message Expressions: #{...}：获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}：定义URL；
            @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}：片段引用表达式
            <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>

Literals（字面量）
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:（文本操作）
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:（数学运算）
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:（布尔运算）
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:（比较运算）
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算（三元运算符）
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

简单的例子:

controller:

@Controller
public class HelloController {
//    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/success")
    public String success(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("hello","<h1>傻逼</h1>");
        map.put("users", Arrays.asList("AAA","bbbb","VVVV"));

        return  "success";
    }

}

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>流弊</h1>
    <div th:text="${hello}"></div>
    <hr/>
    <div th:text="${hello}"></div>

    <div th:utext="${hello}"></div>
    <hr/>

    <h4 th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
    <hr/>

    <h4>
        <span th:each="user:${users}">[[${user}]]</span>
    </h4>

</body>
</html>

结果：

‘