There are n coins in a line. Two players take turns to take one or two coins from right side until there are no more coins left. The player who take the last coin wins.

Could you please decide the first play will win or lose?

该题类似于下题:

箱子里面有一百个球,甲和乙分别拿球,每次最少一个,最多5个,拿到第一百个球的人获胜。若甲先拿,请问他第一次要拿几个,怎么保证他能拿到第一百个球。 
  思路:反向递推法 
  要拿到第100个球,必须保证拿到第94个球, 
  要保证拿到第94个球,必须保证拿到第88个球, 
  依次类推, 
  每次都要保证拿到第100-6*N个球, 
  最小是100%6=4个球,(100对6取余为4) 
  那么最开始要拿4个球。后来每次确保拿到的个数与乙拿的球的个数和为6.比如,乙拿1个,甲就拿5个;乙拿2个,甲就拿4个,依次类推。 
  总结一下,一般式:如果N个球,甲和乙分别拿球,每次最多拿K个,最少拿一个,甲先拿,要确保甲拿到最后一个球,那么,甲第一次就要拿(N%(K+1))个,后来每次确保与另一方拿的球的个数和为(K+1)个。 
而在本题中,甲第一次要拿N%3 = 0, 1, 2个,只有当N%3 == 0时,无论甲拿1个或2个,结果都是甲输乙赢。而当N%3==1,2时,无论甲第一次拿1个或2个都是甲赢乙输。

//代码
public class Solution {
/**
* @param n: an integer
* @return: a boolean which equals to true if the first player will win
*/
public boolean firstWillWin(int n) {
if(n % 3 == 0) return false;
return true;
}
}

博弈论类型的问题最主要的思想就是逆推

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