[Android应用开发] 01.快速入门

前言

这一篇，主要是把之前[安卓基础]系列的东西，做一个总结和补充。并举了两个例子：电话拨号器、短信发送器做巩固，在此也参考了黑马训练营的教学大纲。

Android项目的目录结构

• Activity：应用被打开时显示的界面

• src：项目代码

• R.java：项目中所有资源文件的资源id(资源id不能出现中文)

• Android.jar：Android的jar包，导入此包方可使用Android的api

• libs：导入第三方jar包

• assets：存放资源文件，比方说mp3、视频文件

• bin：存放编译打包后的文件

• res：存放资源文件，存放在此文件夹下的所有资源文件都会生成资源id

• drawable：存放图片资源

• layout：存放布局文件，把布局文件通过资源id指定给activity，界面就会显示出该布局文件定义的布局

• menu：定义菜单的样式

• Strings.xml：存放字符串资源，每个资源都会有一个资源id

Android的配置文件（清单文件）

• 指定应用的包名

    package="com.sinyee.babybus.packagename"
  

  • data/data/com.sinyee.babybus.packagename(上面代码指定的包名)

  • 应用生成的文件都会存放在此路径下

• Android的四大组件在使用前全部需要在清单文件中配置

DDMS

• Dalvik debug monitor service

• Dalvik调试监控服务

• 在集成开发环境中，有DDMS控制台窗口。

adb

Android debug bridge

• 建立eclipse和Android设备之间的连接

常用的adb指令

Android debug bridge：安卓调试桥

• adb start-server:启动adb进程

• adb kill-server：杀死adb进程

• adb devices：查看当前与开发环境连接的设备，此命令也可以启动adb进程

• adb install XXX.apk：往模拟器安装apk

• adb uninstall 包名：删除模拟器中的应用

• adb shell:进入linux命令行

• ps：查看运行进程

• ls：查看当前目录下的文件结构

• netstat -ano：查看占用端口的进程

电话拨号器

功能：用户输入一个号码，点击拨打按钮，启动系统打电话的应用把号码拨打出去

1. 定义布局

1. 组件必须设置宽高，否则不能通过编译

android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"

1. 如果要在java代码中操作某个组件，则组件需要设置id，这样才能在代码中通过id拿到这个组件

android:id="@+id/bb_btn_call"

2. 给按钮设置点击侦听

1. 给按钮设置侦听

    //通过id拿到按钮对象
    Button bt_call = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bb_btn_call);
    //给按钮设置点击
    bt_call.setOnClickListener(new MyListener());    

3. 得到用户输入的号码

    //得到用户输入的号码，先拿到输入框组件
    EditText et_phone = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.bb_et_phone);
    String phone = et_phone.getText().toString();

4. 把号码打出去

1. Android系统中基于动作机制，来调用系统的应用，你告诉系统你想做什么动作，系统就会把能做这个动作的应用给你，如果没有这个应用，会抛异常

2. 设置动作，通过意图告知系统

    //把号码打出去
    //先创建一个意图对象
    Intent intent = new Intent();
    //设置动作，打电话
    intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + phone));
    //把意图告诉系统
    startActivity(intent);

1. 添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>

点击事件的四种写法

第一种

• 定义一个MyListener实现onClickListener接口

    Button bt1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt1);
    bt1.setOnClickListener(new MyListener());

第二种

• 定义一个匿名内部类实现onClickListener接口

    Button bt2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt2);
    bt2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            System.out.println("第二种");
        }
    }); 

第三种

• 让当前activity实现onClickListener接口

    Button bt3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt3);
    bt3.setOnClickListener(this);

第四种

• 给Button节点设置onClick属性，

android:onClick="btnOnClick"

• 然后在activity中定义跟该属性值同名的方法，注意，这个方法必须是公共void类型，并且参数有View。

    public void btnOnClick(View v){
        System.out.println("第四种");
    }

短信发送器

功能：用户输入号码和短信内容，点击发送按钮，调用短信api把短信发送给指定号码

1. 定义布局

• 输入框的提示，这样比较友好，在【安卓基础】

android:hint="请输入号码"  

2. 完成点击事件

• 先给Button组件设置onClick属性

onClick="send"

• 在Activity中定义此方法

    public void send(View v){}

3. 获取到用户输入的号码和内容

    EditText et_phone = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.bb_et_phone);
    EditText et_content = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.bb_et_content);
    String phone = et_phone.getText().toString();
    String content = et_content.getText().toString();

4. 调用发送短信的api

    //调用发送短信的api
    SmsManager sm = SmsManager.getDefault();
    //发送短信
    sm.sendTextMessage(phone, null, content, null, null);

• 添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>

• 如果短信过长，需要拆分

List<String> smss = sm.divideMessage(content);

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转载自【宝宝巴士SuperDo团队】 原文链接: http://www.cnblogs.com/superdo/p/4864261.html