elasticsearch的索引操作和文档操作总结

参考文档：https://es.xiaoleilu.com/010_Intro/00_README.html

一、索引操作

1、查看当前节点的所有的index

查看当前节点的所有的index

[root@es1 ~]# curl -X GET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   students Btx9nIaLQ1GnVqy5ncbipg   5   1          6            0       48kb           24kb

2、查看每个index下的type和filed的对应的数据类型

查看每个index下的type和filed的类型
[root@es1 ~]# curl 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/_mapping?pretty=true'
{
  "students" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "class1" : {
        "properties" : {
          "passwd" : {
            "type" : "text",
            "fields" : {
              "keyword" : {
                "type" : "keyword",
                "ignore_above" : 256
              }
            }
          },
          "username" : {
            "type" : "text",
            "fields" : {
              "keyword" : {
                "type" : "keyword",
                "ignore_above" : 256
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

3、创建索引的操作

创建索引，返回true，意味着创建成功了
[root@es1 ~]# curl -X PUT 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/weather'
{"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"weather"}[root@es1 ~]# 

创建完成后，查看索引
[root@es1 ~]# curl -X GET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   students Btx9nIaLQ1GnVqy5ncbipg   5   1          6            0       48kb           24kb
green  open   weather  VWnR2eM9RIG8A0MJgNWORw   5   1          0            0      1.5kb           690b

4、删除索引操作

删除索引，返回true，意味着删除成功
[root@es1 ~]# curl -X DELETE 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/weather'
{"acknowledged":true}[root@es1 ~]#

删除完成后，查看索引
[root@es1 ~]# curl -X GET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   students Btx9nIaLQ1GnVqy5ncbipg   5   1          6            0       48kb           24kb
[root@es1 ~]#

二、文档操作

1、新增一个文档记录，指定索引为数字

[root@es1 ~]# curl -XPUT 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/7?pretty' -d '{"usernmae":"baoliang","passwd":"44444444"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

查看新增的记录
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/7?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "usernmae" : "baoliang",
    "passwd" : "44444444"
  }
}

2、创建一个文档，指定索引为字符串

这里我们注意，这条文档的id为7，但是id不一定为7，为abc也是可以的

[root@es1 ~]# curl -XPUT 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/abc?pretty' -d '{"usernmae":"wxz","passwd":"5555555555"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "abc",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/abc?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "abc",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "usernmae" : "wxz",
    "passwd" : "5555555555"
  }
}

3、创建文档，不指定索引，由elasticsearch为我们指定索引，但是方法要采用XPOST方法，不能使用XPUT方法

这里还需要注意，上面都指定id了，我们有可以不指定id进行新增文档，但是不能XPUT的方法，要用XPOST方法
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XPOST 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/' -d '{"usernmae":"wxz","passwd":"5555555555"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
{"_index":"students","_type":"class1","_id":"2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e","_version":1,"result":"created","_shards":{"total":2,"successful":2,"failed":0},"_seq_no":3,"_primary_term":1}[root@es1 ~]# 

我们看到这次的id是随机生成的2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e

通过这个随机的id我们查看我们的文档
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 3,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "usernmae" : "wxz",
    "passwd" : "5555555555"
  }
}

4、这里还需要注意一点

这里还需要注意，如果我们输入的index不存在，elasticsearch也不会报错，他会为我们新建一个索引，所以这里要非常的注意，index一定不能写错

5、查看文档的操作

查看某个文档的
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e?pretty=true'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 3,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "usernmae" : "wxz",
    "passwd" : "5555555555"
  }
}

如果id输错了，就会查不到数据
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48?pretty=true'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48",
  "found" : false
}

6、删除文档的操作

删除记录的方法，输入index，type，id就可以删除指定的文档
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XDELETE 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e'
{"_index":"students","_type":"class1","_id":"2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48e","_version":2,"result":"deleted","_shards":{"total":2,"successful":2,"failed":0},"_seq_no":4,"_primary_term":1}[root@es1 ~]#

删除成功后，我们在查看这个文档，就已经查不到了
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48?pretty=true'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "2oUVBmkBGaSC379Rl48",
  "found" : false
}

7、更新操作，采用_update方法

更新操作
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XPOST 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/7/_update?pretty=true' -d '{"doc":{"passwd":"55555555"}}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 5,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

查看更新后的结果
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/7?pretty=true'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 5,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "usernmae" : "baoliang",
    "passwd" : "55555555"
  }
}

8、覆盖操作，采用XPUT方法，id输入已有的id，也就是我们要覆盖的文档的id

xput方法是覆盖，update方法更新，上面我们介绍了一下update方法，下面我们看下xput方法，我们看到新的数据只有一个字段了，username字段被覆盖掉了

[root@es1 ~]# curl -XPUT 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/7?pretty=true' -d '{"passwd":"55555555"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_version" : 3,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 6,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/7?pretty=true'
{
  "_index" : "students",
  "_type" : "class1",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_version" : 3,
  "_seq_no" : 6,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "passwd" : "55555555"
  }
}

8、查询所有的数据

查询的所有的数据
[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/_search?pretty=true'
{
  "took" : 25,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 8,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "zyb",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "chr",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "6",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "cyr",
          "passwd" : "abcdef"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "fxk",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "7",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "passwd" : "55555555"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "chy",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "abc",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "usernmae" : "wxz",
          "passwd" : "5555555555"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

这里的

took是表示操作的耗时，单位是毫秒

timeout表示是否超时

hits表示命中的数目的详细信息

total表示命中的数目

2、搜索满足指定的条件的文档

搜索，查看username为chy的文档

[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/_search' -d '{"query":{"match":{"username":"chy"}}}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"

搜索结果如下

{
  "took" : 6,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "chy",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

3、搜索满足指定条件的文档，但是设置返回的条数，使用size参数，设置返回的条数为1，默认是返回10条

[root@es1 ~]# curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.2:9200/students/class1/_search' -d '{"query":{"match":{"username":"chy"}},"size":1}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"

搜索结果

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "chy",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4、搜索满足多个条件的语句，多个条件为or的关系

[root@es3 elasticsearch]#  curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.3:9200/students/class1/_search' -d '{"query":{"match":{"username":"chy chr"}}}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"

搜索结果

{
  "took" : 6,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 0.9808292,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.9808292,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "chr",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "students",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "username" : "chy",
          "passwd" : "111111"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

5、搜索满足多个条件的语句，多个条件为and的关系

[root@es3 elasticsearch]#  curl -XGET 'http://10.87.6.3:9200/students/class1/_search?pretty' -d '{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"match":{"username":"chr"}},{"match":{"passwd":22222}}]}}}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"

搜索结果

{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

6、更为复杂的查询，比如查询名称为smith，同时年龄大于30的人，这个时候就需要采用过滤器filter

{
    "query" : {
        "filtered" : {
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "age" : { "gt" : 30 }
                }
            },
            "query" : {
                "match" : {
                    "last_name" : "smith"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

7、全文搜索

{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

8、

至此，我们的elasticsearch的索引操作和文档操作的总结暂时就完成了！