Java对XML文档的增删改查

JAVA增删改查XML文件

 

　　最近总是需要进行xml的相关操作。

　　不免的要进行xml的读取修改等，于是上网搜索，加上自己的小改动，整合了下xml的常用操作。

　　读取XML配置文件

　　首先我们需要通过DocumentBuilderFactory获取xml文件的工厂实例。

DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);

　　创建文档对象

1 DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
2             Document doc = db.parse(xmlPath); // 使用dom解析xml文件

　　最后遍历列表，进行数据提取

 1 NodeList sonlist = doc.getElementsByTagName("son");
 2             for (int i = 0; i < sonlist.getLength(); i++) // 循环处理对象
 3             {
 4                 Element son = (Element)sonlist.item(i);;
 5
 6                 for (Node node = son.getFirstChild(); node != null; node = node.getNextSibling()){
 7                     if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
 8                         String name = node.getNodeName();
 9                         String value = node.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
10                         System.out.println(name+" : "+value);
11                     }
12                 }
13             }

　　全部代码

 1 public static void getFamilyMemebers(){
 2         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 3         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
 4         try {
 5             DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 6             Document doc = db.parse(xmlPath); // 使用dom解析xml文件
 7
 8             NodeList sonlist = doc.getElementsByTagName("son");
 9             for (int i = 0; i < sonlist.getLength(); i++) // 循环处理对象
10             {
11                 Element son = (Element)sonlist.item(i);;
12
13                 for (Node node = son.getFirstChild(); node != null; node = node.getNextSibling()){
14                     if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
15                         String name = node.getNodeName();
16                         String value = node.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
17                         System.out.println(name+" : "+value);
18                     }
19                 }
20             }
21         } catch (Exception e) {
22             e.printStackTrace();
23         }
24     }

　　在XML文件中增加节点

　　差不多同样的步骤，先获取根节点，创建一个新的节点，向其中添加元素信息，最后把这个新节点添加到根节点中

 1 Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
 2
 3             //删除指定节点
 4
 5             Element son =xmldoc.createElement("son");
 6             son.setAttribute("id", "004");
 7
 8             Element name = xmldoc.createElement("name");
 9             name.setTextContent("小儿子");
10             son.appendChild(name);
11
12             Element age = xmldoc.createElement("name");
13             age.setTextContent("0");
14             son.appendChild(age);
15
16             root.appendChild(son);

　　最后不要忘记保存新增的文件，对源文件进行覆盖。

1 TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
2             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
3             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));

　　全部代码：

 1     public static void createSon() {
 2         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 3         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(false);
 4
 5         try{
 6
 7             DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 8             Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
 9
10             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
11
12             //删除指定节点
13
14             Element son =xmldoc.createElement("son");
15             son.setAttribute("id", "004");
16
17             Element name = xmldoc.createElement("name");
18             name.setTextContent("小儿子");
19             son.appendChild(name);
20
21             Element age = xmldoc.createElement("name");
22             age.setTextContent("0");
23             son.appendChild(age);
24
25             root.appendChild(son);
26             //保存
27             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
28             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
29             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
30
31         }catch(Exception e){
32             e.printStackTrace();
33         }
34     }

　　在XML中修改节点信息

　　通过XPath来获取目标节点

 1 public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Element source) {
 2         Node result=null;
 3         XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
 4         XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
 5         try {
 6             result=(Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
 7         } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
 8             e.printStackTrace();
 9         }
10
11         return result;
12     }

　　获取目标节点，进行修改，完成后，保存文件。

1 Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
2
3             Element per =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='001']", root);
4             per.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).setTextContent("27");
5
6             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
7             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
8             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));

　　全部代码：

 1     public static void modifySon(){
 2         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 3         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
 4         try{
 5
 6             DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 7             Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
 8
 9             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
10
11             Element per =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='001']", root);
12             per.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).setTextContent("27");
13
14             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
15             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
16             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
17         }catch(Exception e){
18             e.printStackTrace();
19         }
20     }

　　删除XML中的节点

　　通过XPath获取目标节点， 进行删除，最后保存

1             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
2
3             Element son =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='002']", root);
4             root.removeChild(son);
5
6             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
7             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
8             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));

　　全部代码：

 1     public static void discardSon(){
 2
 3         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 4         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
 5
 6         try{
 7
 8             DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 9             Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
10
11             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
12
13             Element son =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='002']", root);
14             root.removeChild(son);
15
16             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
17             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
18             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
19
20         }catch(Exception e){
21             e.printStackTrace();
22         }
23     }

---

综上，基本XML的操作就如此了。下面是整合所有的代码，可以直接运行的，前提是在src下自己配好Xml文件。

XML

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><father>
 2     <son id="001">
 3         <name>老大</name>
 4         <age>27</age>
 5     </son>
 6     <son id="002">
 7         <name>老二</name>
 8         <age>13</age>
 9     </son>
10     <son id="003">
11         <name>老三</name>
12         <age>13</age>
13     </son>
14 </father>

xmlManage.java

  1 package xmlManger;
  2
  3 import java.io.File;
  4
  5 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
  6 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
  7 import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
  8 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
  9 import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
 10 import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
 11 import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
 12 import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
 13 import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
 14 import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
 15
 16 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 17 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
 18 import org.w3c.dom.Node;
 19 import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
 20
 21
 22
 23 public class xmlManage {
 24
 25     private static String xmlPath = "E:\\Eclipse(Plugin)\\workspace\\xmlManger\\src\\family.xml";
 26
 27
 28     public static void getFamilyMemebers(){
 29         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 30         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
 31         try {
 32             DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 33             Document doc = db.parse(xmlPath); // 使用dom解析xml文件
 34
 35             NodeList sonlist = doc.getElementsByTagName("son");
 36             for (int i = 0; i < sonlist.getLength(); i++) // 循环处理对象
 37             {
 38                 Element son = (Element)sonlist.item(i);;
 39
 40                 for (Node node = son.getFirstChild(); node != null; node = node.getNextSibling()){
 41                     if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
 42                         String name = node.getNodeName();
 43                         String value = node.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
 44                         System.out.println(name+" : "+value);
 45                     }
 46                 }
 47             }
 48         } catch (Exception e) {
 49             e.printStackTrace();
 50         }
 51     }
 52
 53     public static void modifySon(){
 54         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 55         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
 56         try{
 57
 58             DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 59             Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
 60
 61             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
 62
 63             Element per =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='001']", root);
 64             per.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).setTextContent("27");
 65
 66             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
 67             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
 68             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
 69         }catch(Exception e){
 70             e.printStackTrace();
 71         }
 72     }
 73
 74     public static void discardSon(){
 75
 76         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 77         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
 78
 79         try{
 80
 81             DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
 82             Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
 83
 84             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
 85
 86             Element son =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='002']", root);
 87             root.removeChild(son);
 88
 89             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
 90             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
 91             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
 92
 93         }catch(Exception e){
 94             e.printStackTrace();
 95         }
 96     }
 97
 98     public static void createSon() {
 99         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
100         dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(false);
101
102         try{
103
104             DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
105             Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
106
107             Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
108
109             //删除指定节点
110
111             Element son =xmldoc.createElement("son");
112             son.setAttribute("id", "004");
113
114             Element name = xmldoc.createElement("name");
115             name.setTextContent("小儿子");
116             son.appendChild(name);
117
118             Element age = xmldoc.createElement("name");
119             age.setTextContent("0");
120             son.appendChild(age);
121
122             root.appendChild(son);
123             //保存
124             TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
125             Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
126             former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
127
128         }catch(Exception e){
129             e.printStackTrace();
130         }
131     }
132
133     public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Element source) {
134         Node result=null;
135         XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
136         XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
137         try {
138             result=(Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
139         } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
140             e.printStackTrace();
141         }
142
143         return result;
144     }
145
146     public static void main(String[] args){
147         getFamilyMemebers();
148         System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
149         modifySon();
150         System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
151         getFamilyMemebers();
152         System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
153         discardSon();
154         System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
155         getFamilyMemebers();
156         System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
157         createSon();
158         System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
159         getFamilyMemebers();
160     }
161 }

运行结果：