使用Arduino制作摩尔斯电码收发器

摩尔斯电码通过不同的排列顺序来表达不同的英文字母、数字和标点符号等。在今天，国际摩尔斯电码依然被使用着。比如，摩尔斯电码最广为人知的用法发送求救信号SOS，SOS信号的组合方式为:。再比如，假设我们通过摩尔斯电码发送“Arduino”，组合方式为：“.- .-. -.. ..- .. -. —”。

如何使用Arduino制作摩尔斯电码收发器

电路部分

Arduino到面包板的引脚说明:

1. 引脚D2连接到按钮1的一端，再通过电阻接地，按钮1另一端接5V。
2. 引脚D7连接到按钮2的一端，再通过电阻接地，按钮2另一端接5V。
3. 引脚D8通过电阻连接到LED正极，负极接地。
4. 引脚D12通过电阻与蜂鸣器正极连接，负极接地。

代码部分

文末是完整的代码，将其保存为MorseCode.ino，然后打开Arduino IDE “File->Open->MorseCode.ino”，上传到Arduino。上传完成后，打开串口监视器，你将看到如下的显示内容：

摩尔斯码译码器的操作顺序：首先通过点击按钮1和按钮2来写摩尔斯码；字母之间的空格，可在上面的输入框中填2，然后按回车键。单词之间的空格，在上面的输入框中填3，然后按回车键。所有输入完成后，在上面的输入框中填1，然后按回车键，将会翻译摩尔斯码的内容。翻译后的莫尔斯电码将显示在串口监视器的下面。例如：我们来写“.-  .-.  -..  ..-  ..  -.  —”，翻译后将显示为“ARDUINO”。

这样，使用Arduino制作的摩尔斯码收发器就算完成了。

完整Arduino代码如下：

/*
  This Program is for demonstration of MORSE CODE Communication
  which was use to send information secretly using codes of combinations dots .  and dashes -
  Thanks to open source community

*/

#define SIZE 26
const int ledPin = 8;
const int speakerPin = 12;
const int dotButton = 2;
const int dashButton = 7;

String morseCode = "";
String text = "";
int characterAscii = 0;
int startPos = 0, endPos = 0;
int startPos1 = 0, endPos1 = 0;
String characterCode = "";
int dashButtonState = 0;
int dotButtonState = 0;

//Array of MorseCode for letters of English Language A to Z
String letters[SIZE] = {

  // A to I
  ".-", "-...", "-.-.", "-..", ".", "..-.", "--.", "....", "..",
  // J to R
  ".---", "-.-", ".-..", "--", "-.", "---", ".--.", "--.-", ".-.",
  // S to Z
  "...", "-", "..-", "...-", ".--", "-..-", "-.--", "--.."
};

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  //Getting things Ready
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dotButton, INPUT);
  pinMode(dashButton, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);

  Serial.println("*************************************************************");
  Serial.println("                    Demonstration of Morse Code              ");
  Serial.println("************************************************************* ");
  Serial.println("\nInstructions");
  Serial.println("1. First Write Your Morse code");
  Serial.println("2. When you are done  Write 1 on above input box and Press Enter or click Send Button ");
  Serial.println("3. For Space between letters write 2 and Press Enter ");
  Serial.println("4. For Space between words   write 3 and Press Enter ");

  Serial.println("5. Thats all Translation of Morse Code  will then be Shown ");

  Serial.println("\n\nEnter Your Morse Code Here  ");
}

void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

  while (Serial.available() > 0) {
    int ascii = Serial.read();

    switch (ascii) {
      case 49:  // 49 is Ascii value of 1

        Serial.print("\n");
        morseCode.concat('#');  // Placeing # at the end of morseCode to simplify further processing

        Serial.print("\nYour Morse code Translation :  ");

        endPos1 = morseCode.indexOf('#');

        while (endPos1 < morseCode.length()) {
          extractLetters(morseCode.substring(startPos1, endPos1));  // This function would extract Letter as name suggest and would convert  code to text SIMPLE!
          startPos1 = endPos1 + 1;
          if (startPos1 == morseCode.length()) {
            break;
          }
          endPos1 = morseCode.indexOf('#', startPos1);
        }
        startPos1 = 0;
        endPos1 = 0;

        text = "";  //  For New Translation
        morseCode = "";
        Serial.println("\n\nEnter Your Morse Code Here ");

        break;

      case 50:  // 50 is Ascii value of 2

        morseCode.concat("@");
        Serial.print("@");
        delay(200);

        break;

      case 51:  // 51 is Ascii value of 3

        morseCode.concat("#");
        Serial.print("#");
        delay(200);

        break;
    }
  }

  process();
}

void turnONLedSpeaker(int du) {
  //Turn ON LED
  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  tone(speakerPin, 4699, du);  // tone(speakerPin, frequency, duration in milliSec)
}

void process() {

  dotButtonState = digitalRead(dotButton);
  dashButtonState = digitalRead(dashButton);

  if (dashButtonState == HIGH) {
    turnONLedSpeaker(400);

    morseCode.concat("-");  // Storing code in variable morseCode with the help of concatenation function
    Serial.print("-");      //Prints User entered Code
    delay(200);
  } else if (dotButtonState == HIGH) {
    turnONLedSpeaker(300);

    morseCode.concat(".");
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(200);

  } else {
    //Turn OFF LED
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }
}

char convertIntoText(String characterCode) {
  characterAscii = 65;

  for (int index = 0; index < SIZE; index++) {
    if (characterCode == letters[index]) {
      return characterAscii;
    }
    characterAscii++;
  }
}

void extractLetters(String words) {
  words.concat('@');  // Placeing @ at the end of word to simplify further processing

  endPos = words.indexOf('@');

  //Loop to extracting single character morse Code from string of word
  while (endPos < words.length()) {
    characterCode = words.substring(startPos, endPos);

    //Now CharacterCode will now convert in text

    text.concat(convertIntoText(characterCode));

    startPos = endPos + 1;
    characterCode = "";

    // if condition is just to terminate loop when our extracting single character code is complete thats all
    if (startPos == words.length()) {
      break;
    }

    endPos = words.indexOf('@', startPos);
  }

  Serial.print(text);
  Serial.print(" ");
  startPos = 0;
  endPos = 0;
  text = "";
}