kill-9 kill-15

　　kill -9 PID 是操作系统从内核级别强制杀死一个进程。

kill -15 PID 可以理解为操作系统发送一个通知告诉应用主动关闭。

kill -15 PID 效果是正常退出进程，退出前可以被阻塞或回调处理。并且它是Linux缺省的程序中断信号。

尽量使用kill -15 PID而不要使用kill -9 PID

kill -9 PID没有给进程留下善后的机会：

1) 关闭socket链接

2) 清理临时文件

3) 将自己将要被销毁的消息通知给子进程

4) 重置自己的终止状态

等等。

一些磁盘操作多的程序更是不要使用kill -9 PID，会导致数据的丢失，如ES，kafka等。

　　kill -l（查看Linux/Unix的信号变量）

　　linux signals

Signal Name	Number	Description
SIGHUP	1	Hangup (POSIX)
SIGINT	2	Terminal interrupt (ANSI)
SIGQUIT	3	Terminal quit (POSIX)
SIGILL	4	Illegal instruction (ANSI)
SIGTRAP	5	Trace trap (POSIX)
SIGIOT	6	IOT Trap (4.2 BSD)
SIGBUS	7	BUS error (4.2 BSD)
SIGFPE	8	Floating point exception (ANSI)
SIGKILL	9	Kill(can't be caught or ignored) (POSIX)
SIGUSR1	10	User defined signal 1 (POSIX)
SIGSEGV	11	Invalid memory segment access (ANSI)
SIGUSR2	12	User defined signal 2 (POSIX)
SIGPIPE	13	Write on a pipe with no reader, Broken pipe (POSIX)
SIGALRM	14	Alarm clock (POSIX)
SIGTERM	15	Termination (ANSI)
SIGSTKFLT	16	Stack fault
SIGCHLD	17	Child process has stopped or exited, changed (POSIX)
SIGCONT	18	Continue executing, if stopped (POSIX)
SIGSTOP	19	Stop executing(can't be caught or ignored) (POSIX)
SIGTSTP	20	Terminal stop signal (POSIX)
SIGTTIN	21	Background process trying to read, from TTY (POSIX)
SIGTTOU	22	Background process trying to write, to TTY (POSIX)
SIGURG	23	Urgent condition on socket (4.2 BSD)
SIGXCPU	24	CPU limit exceeded (4.2 BSD)
SIGXFSZ	25	File size limit exceeded (4.2 BSD)
SIGVTALRM	26	Virtual alarm clock (4.2 BSD)
SIGPROF	27	Profiling alarm clock (4.2 BSD)
SIGWINCH	28	Window size change (4.3 BSD, Sun)
SIGIO	29	I/O now possible (4.2 BSD)
SIGPWR	30	Power failure restart (System V)