Saltstack_使用指南17_salt-ssh

1. 主机规划

salt 版本

 [root@salt100 ~]# salt --version
 salt 2018.3. (Oxygen)
 [root@salt100 ~]# salt-minion --version
 salt-minion 2018.3. (Oxygen)

salt ssh文档

https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/ssh/index.html

2. salt-ssh实现步骤

2.1. 部署salt-ssh

在salt100上部署salt-ssh

yum install -y salt-ssh    

查看版本信息

 [root@salt100 ~]# salt-ssh --version
 salt-ssh 2018.3. (Oxygen)

2.2. salt-ssh配置

 [root@salt100 ~]# cat /etc/salt/roster
 # Sample salt-ssh config file
 #web1:
 #  host: 192.168.42.1 # The IP addr or DNS hostname
 #  user: fred         # Remote executions will be executed as user fred
 #  passwd: foobarbaz  # The password to use for login, if omitted, keys are used
 #  sudo: True         # Whether to sudo to root, not enabled by default
 #web2:
 #  host: 192.168.42.2

 # 添加信息如下：
 # 由于所有机器做了禁止root远程登录，所以这里只能使用普通用户登录，通过提权到root
 # 普通用户远程
 salt100:
   host: 172.16.1.100 # The IP addr or DNS hostname
   user: yun         # Remote executions will be executed as user fred
   # passwd: foobarbaz  # The password to use for login, if omitted, keys are used
   sudo: True         # Whether to sudo to root, not enabled by default
   port:            # default port is 

 salt01:
   host: 172.16.1.11
   user: yun
   sudo: True

 salt02:
   host: 172.16.1.12
   user: yun
   sudo: True

 salt03:
   host: 172.16.1.13
   user: yun
   sudo: True

3. salt-ssh操作测试

3.1. 首次通信并实现秘钥登录

 [root@salt100 ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping -i  # 有参数 -i ，之后就可以不需要该参数了
 Permission denied for host salt100, do you want to deploy the salt-ssh key? (password required):
 [Y/n] y
 Password for yun@salt100:
 salt100:
     True
 Permission denied for host salt02, do you want to deploy the salt-ssh key? (password required):
 [Y/n] y
 Password for yun@salt02:
 salt02:
     True
 Permission denied for host salt01, do you want to deploy the salt-ssh key? (password required):
 [Y/n] y
 Password for yun@salt01:
 salt01:
     True
 Permission denied for host salt03, do you want to deploy the salt-ssh key? (password required):
 [Y/n] y
 Password for yun@salt03:
 salt03:
     True

注意：

第一次连接时会输入密码，并实现秘钥登录，这样以后就使用秘钥进行交互了。

会把 /etc/salt/pki/master/ssh/salt-ssh.rsa.pub 拷贝到 /app/.ssh/authorized_keys「/app/ 是 yun用户的家目录，参见《Saltstack_使用指南01_部署》说明」。

3.2. salt-ssh目标指定

目前支持三种方式指定目标：通配符、正则表达式、列表

 # 通配符
 salt-ssh '*' test.ping
 salt-ssh 'salt1*' test.ping
 # 正则表达式
 salt-ssh -E 'salt1.*' test.ping
 salt-ssh -E 'salt(100|03)' test.ping
 # 列表
 salt-ssh -L 'salt100,salt02' test.ping  

3.3. salt-ssh使用raw shell测试

查看环境变量

 [root@salt100 ~]# salt-ssh 'salt01' -r 'echo "${PATH}"'
 salt01:
     ----------
     retcode:

     stderr:
     stdout:
         /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

说明：

有时会因为环境变量的原因找不到命令，这时需要你使用命令的全路径即可。

 salt-ssh '*' -r 'df -h'
 salt-ssh '*' -r '/usr/sbin/ifconfig'   # 使用了全路径
 salt-ssh '*' -r '/usr/sbin/ip address'
 salt-ssh '*' -r 'whoami' 

3.4. salt-ssh通过raw shell进行安装包操作

salt-ssh '*' -r 'sudo yum install -y nmap' 

3.5. salt-ssh使用grains和pillar

 [root@salt100 web]# salt-ssh 'salt01' grains.item os
 salt01:
     ----------
     os:
         redhat01
 [root@salt100 web]#
 [root@salt100 web]# salt-ssh 'salt01' pillar.items
 salt01:
     ----------
     level1:
         ----------
         level2:
             None
     service_appoint:
         www

3.6. salt-ssh使用状态模块

可参见：《Saltstack_使用指南03_配置管理》

 [root@salt100 web]# salt-ssh 'salt01' state.highstate test=true  # 使用 state.highstate 还是存在有些问题，所以不要用该函数
 salt01:

 Summary for salt01
 -----------
 Succeeded:
 Failed:
 -----------
 Total states run:
 Total run time:  0.000 ms
 [root@salt100 web]#
 [root@salt100 web]#
 [root@salt100 web]# salt-ssh 'salt01' state.sls web.apache test=true  # 正常使用
 salt01:
 ----------
           ID: apache-install
     Function: pkg.installed
         Name: httpd
       Result: True
      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
      Started: ::46.078678
     Duration: 896.211 ms
      Changes:
 ----------
           ID: apache-install
     Function: pkg.installed
         Name: httpd-devel
       Result: True
      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
      Started: ::46.975113
     Duration: 16.735 ms
      Changes:
 ----------
           ID: apache-service
     Function: service.running
         Name: httpd
       Result: None
      Comment: Service httpd is set to start
      Started: ::46.992651
     Duration: 306.683 ms
      Changes:   

 Summary for salt01
 ------------
 Succeeded:  (unchanged=)
 Failed:
 ------------
 Total states run:
 Total run time:   1.220 s
 [root@salt100 web]#
 [root@salt100 web]#
 [root@salt100 web]# salt-ssh 'salt01' state.sls web.apache  # 正常使用
 salt01:
 ----------
           ID: apache-install
     Function: pkg.installed
         Name: httpd
       Result: True
      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
      Started: ::58.298577
     Duration: 907.003 ms
      Changes:
 ----------
           ID: apache-install
     Function: pkg.installed
         Name: httpd-devel
       Result: True
      Comment: All specified packages are already installed
      Started: ::59.205783
     Duration: 16.56 ms
      Changes:
 ----------
           ID: apache-service
     Function: service.running
         Name: httpd
       Result: True
      Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
      Started: ::59.223138
     Duration: 980.719 ms
      Changes:
               ----------
               httpd:
                   True

 Summary for salt01
 ------------
 Succeeded:  (changed=)
 Failed:
 ------------
 Total states run:
 Total run time:   1.904 s

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