R自动数据收集第二章HTML笔记2(主要关于htmlTreeParse函数)
function (file, ignoreBlanks = TRUE, handlers = NULL, replaceEntities = FALSE,asText = FALSE, trim = TRUE, validate = FALSE, getDTD = TRUE,isURL = FALSE, asTree = FALSE, addAttributeNamespaces = FALSE,useInternalNodes = FALSE, isSchema = FALSE, fullNamespaceInfo = FALSE,encoding = character(), useDotNames = length(grep("^\\.",names(handlers)))>0, xinclude = TRUE, addFinalizer = TRUE,error = htmlErrorHandler, isHTML = TRUE, options = integer(),parentFirst = FALSE){#asText=T则file作为XML文本处理isMissingAsText = missing(asText)#地址大于一个时要中止程序并抛出异常if(length(file)>1){file = paste(file, collapse ="\n")if(!missing(asText)&&!asText)stop(structure(list(message ="multiple URLs passed to xmlTreeParse. If this is the content of the file, specify asText = TRUE"),class= c("MultipleURLError","XMLParserError","simpleError","error","condition")))asText = TRUE}#当isURL非空时且是XML的时候,才修改URL为数值型#比如这里isURL=1if(missing(isURL)&&!asText)isURL <- length(grep("^(http|ftp|file)://", file, useBytes = TRUE,perl = TRUE))#isHTML 默认为 TRUEif(isHTML){validate = FALSEgetDTD = FALSEisSchema = FALSEdocClass ="HTMLInternalDocument"}else docClass = character()#checkHandlerNames返回的是一个逻辑值,其作用是checkHandlerNames(handlers,"DOM")if(missing(fullNamespaceInfo)&& inherits(handlers,"RequiresNamespaceInfo"))fullNamespaceInfo = TRUEoldValidate = xmlValidity()xmlValidity(validate)on.exit(xmlValidity(oldValidate))if(!asText && isURL == FALSE){if(file.exists(file)== FALSE)if(!missing(asText)&& asText == FALSE){e = simpleError(paste("File", file,"does not exist"))class(e)= c("FileNotFound",class(e))stop(e)}else asText <- TRUE}if(asText && length(file)>1)file = paste(file, collapse ="\n")old = setEntitySubstitution(replaceEntities)on.exit(setEntitySubstitution(old), add = TRUE)if(asText && length(grep(sprintf("^%s?\\s*<",BOMRegExp),file, perl = TRUE, useBytes = TRUE))==0){if(!isHTML ||(isMissingAsText &&!inherits(file,"AsIs"))){e = simpleError(paste("XML content does not seem to be XML:",sQuote(file)))class(e)= c("XMLInputError",class(e))(if(isHTML)warningelse stop)(e)}}if(!is.logical(xinclude)){xinclude =as.logical(xinclude)}if(!asText &&!isURL)file = path.expand(as.character(file))if(useInternalNodes && trim){prevBlanks =.Call("RS_XML_setKeepBlanksDefault",0L,PACKAGE ="XML")on.exit(.Call("RS_XML_setKeepBlanksDefault", prevBlanks,PACKAGE ="XML"), add = TRUE)}.oldErrorHandler = setXMLErrorHandler(error)on.exit(.Call("RS_XML_setStructuredErrorHandler",.oldErrorHandler,PACKAGE ="XML"), add = TRUE)if(length(options))options = sum(options)ans <-.Call("RS_XML_ParseTree",as.character(file), handlers,as.logical(ignoreBlanks),as.logical(replaceEntities),as.logical(asText),as.logical(trim),as.logical(validate),as.logical(getDTD),as.logical(isURL),as.logical(addAttributeNamespaces),as.logical(useInternalNodes),as.logical(isHTML),as.logical(isSchema),as.logical(fullNamespaceInfo),as.character(encoding),as.logical(useDotNames), xinclude, error, addFinalizer,as.integer(options),as.logical(parentFirst), PACKAGE ="XML")if(!missing(handlers)&& length(handlers)&&!as.logical(asTree))return(handlers)if(!isSchema && length(class(ans)))class(ans)= c(docClass, oldClass(class(ans)))if(inherits(ans,"XMLInternalDocument"))addDocFinalizer(ans, addFinalizer)elseif(!getDTD &&!isSchema){class(ans)= oldClass("XMLDocumentContent")}ans}<environment: namespace:XML>
#test#导包library(XML)#链接url <-"http://www.r-datacollection.com/materials/html/fortunes.html"#handers函数h2 <- list(startElement = function(node,...){name <- xmlName(node)if(name %in% c("div","title")){NULL}else{node}},comment = function(node){NULL})#正式开始,函数参数file=urlignoreBlanks = TRUEhandlers = h2replaceEntities = FALSEasText = FALSEtrim = TRUEvalidate = FALSEgetDTD = TRUEisURL = FALSEasTree = TRUEaddAttributeNamespaces = FALSEuseInternalNodes = FALSEisSchema = FALSEfullNamespaceInfo = FALSEencoding = character()useDotNames = length(grep("^\\.", names(handlers)))>0xinclude = TRUEaddFinalizer = TRUEerror = XML:::htmlErrorHandlerisHTML = TRUEoptions = integer()parentFirst = FALSE#函数体部分#asText参数没有传入#我们将其从missing(asText)改为TRUEisMissingAsText = TRUE#file的长度是否大于1,大于1如果asText未传入则要报错:传入了多个URL#不大于1,则跳过if(length(file)>1){file = paste(file, collapse ="\n")if(!missing(asText)&&!asText)stop(structure(list(message ="multiple URLs passed to xmlTreeParse. If this is the content of the file, specify asText = TRUE"),class= c("MultipleURLError","XMLParserError","simpleError","error","condition")))asText = TRUE}# 本来是if (missing(isURL) && !asText)# 我们修改为if (TURE && !asText)#isURL参数没有传递且asText参数为假才执行if(TRUE &&!asText)isURL <- length(grep("^(http|ftp|file)://", file, useBytes = TRUE,perl = TRUE))#只要有http|ftp|file中的一个协议开头,比如http://,就是URL了。# 此时isURL=1#是否为HTML,是的if(isHTML){validate = FALSEgetDTD = FALSE #从默认值T改为了FisSchema = FALSEdocClass ="HTMLInternalDocument"}else{docClass = character()}#否则创建空的# class(docClass)#返回TRUE通过检验了,否则函数会中止并抛出异常XML:::checkHandlerNames(handlers,"DOM")#fullNamespaceInfo参数whether to provide the namespace URI and prefix on each node#其实就是是否在节点面前带上URI信息#fullNamespaceInfo为空且handlers含有该属性,才执行这一步#missing(fullNamespaceInfo)被替换为TRUE#handlers并没有RequiresNamespaceInfo属性,所以不执行if( TRUE && inherits(handlers,"RequiresNamespaceInfo"))fullNamespaceInfo = TRUE#以下两行的结果都是integer(0)#奇妙~,先保存原有的配置oldValidate = XML:::xmlValidity()#当前的配置XML:::xmlValidity(validate)#还原原来的配置on.exit(XML:::xmlValidity(oldValidate))#asText为假,且isURL是假的#结果为TFALSE,我们不必管他if(!asText && isURL == FALSE){if(file.exists(file)== FALSE)#如果本地文件不存在if(!missing(asText)&& asText == FALSE){#抛出异常,文件不存在e = simpleError(paste("File", file,"does not exist"))class(e)= c("FileNotFound",class(e))stop(e)}else asText <- TRUE}#此时asText是FALSE,这个跟我们无关if(asText && length(file)>1)file = paste(file, collapse ="\n")#replaceEntities的默认值是FALSEold = XML:::setEntitySubstitution(replaceEntities)#old的值是FALSEon.exit(XML:::setEntitySubstitution(old), add = TRUE)#BOMRegExp是一个内置的常量吧#看名字应该是基于BOM的正则表达式#因为是FALSE,所以我们也先不去管它if(asText && length(grep(sprintf("^%s?\\s*<", XML:::BOMRegExp),file, perl = TRUE, useBytes = TRUE))==0){if(!isHTML ||(isMissingAsText &&!inherits(file,"AsIs"))){e = simpleError(paste("XML content does not seem to be XML:",sQuote(file)))class(e)= c("XMLInputError",class(e))(if(isHTML)warningelse stop)(e)}}#xinclude默认值是TRUE#以下三个if都是F,所以不管了if(!is.logical(xinclude)){xinclude =as.logical(xinclude)}if(!asText &&!isURL)file = path.expand(as.character(file))if(useInternalNodes && trim){prevBlanks =.Call("RS_XML_setKeepBlanksDefault",0L,PACKAGE ="XML")on.exit(.Call("RS_XML_setKeepBlanksDefault", prevBlanks,PACKAGE ="XML"), add = TRUE)}.oldErrorHandler = XML:::setXMLErrorHandler(error)#所以,这种点开头的命名是什么鬼?# class(.oldErrorHandler)# [1] "list"on.exit(.Call("RS_XML_setStructuredErrorHandler",.oldErrorHandler,PACKAGE ="XML"), add = TRUE)# length(options)是0,所以不执行if(length(options))options = sum(options)#调用一个叫做RS_XML_ParseTree的函数getAnywhere("RS_XML_ParseTree")ans <-.Call("RS_XML_ParseTree",as.character(file), handlers,as.logical(ignoreBlanks),as.logical(replaceEntities),as.logical(asText),as.logical(trim),as.logical(validate),as.logical(getDTD),as.logical(isURL),as.logical(addAttributeNamespaces),as.logical(useInternalNodes),as.logical(isHTML),as.logical(isSchema),as.logical(fullNamespaceInfo),as.character(encoding),as.logical(useDotNames), xinclude, error, addFinalizer,as.integer(options),as.logical(parentFirst), PACKAGE ="XML")print(ans)print("-------我是可爱的分割线------------------")#这里的missing(handlers)我们就不改了哈#毕竟只要有默认值,他都觉得是TRUE#和我们的确传递了处理函数的效果TRUE是一样的if(!missing(handlers)&& length(handlers)&&!as.logical(asTree))return("呵呵")if(!isSchema && length(class(ans)))class(ans)= c(docClass, oldClass(class(ans)))if(inherits(ans,"XMLInternalDocument")){addDocFinalizer(ans, addFinalizer)}elseif(!getDTD &&!isSchema){print("看我的类型")print(class(ans))class(ans)= oldClass("XMLDocumentContent")print(class(ans))}print("看条件判断的逻辑值")print("1")print(!missing(handlers)&& length(handlers)&&!as.logical(asTree))print("2")print(!isSchema && length(class(ans)))print("3")print(inherits(ans,"XMLInternalDocument"))print("4")print(!getDTD &&!isSchema)print(class(ans))ans

#例子1testMissing<-function(a=TRUE,b=FALSE){if(missing(b))return("b is missing")else"b is here "+b}testMissing(F)# [1] "b is missing"#例子2if(missing(b))return("b is missing")# Error in missing(b) : 'missing' can only be used for arguments#例子3b=NULLif(missing(b))return("b is missing")#没有输出
if(isHTML){validate = FALSEgetDTD = FALSE #从默认值T改为了FisSchema = FALSEdocClass ="HTMLInternalDocument"}else{docClass = character()}#否则创建空的
}else docClass = character()
function(){if(isHTML){validate = FALSEgetDTD = FALSE #从默认值T改为了FisSchema = FALSEdocClass ="HTMLInternalDocument"}else docClass = character()#否则创建空的}
否则,会报错:
function (handlers, id ="SAX"){if(is.null(handlers)) #为空,则返回TRUEreturn(TRUE)ids = names(handlers) #取出handlers中的函数名i = match(ids,GeneralHandlerNames) #匹配,返回逻辑值向量prob = any(!is.na(i))#任一个回空才是TRUEif(prob){warning("future versions of the XML package will require names of general handler functionsto be prefixed by a . to distinguish them from handlers for nodes with those names. This _may_ affect the ",paste(names(handlers)[!is.na(i)], collapse =", "))}#任意一个handler中的函数不是函数类型,则抛出异常if(any(w <-!sapply(handlers,is.function)))warning("some handlers are not functions: ", paste(names(handlers[w]),collapse =", "))#返回TRUE,后续代码继续运行!prob}<environment: namespace:XML>
注释3.2关于GeneralHandlerNames属性
> XML:::GeneralHandlerNames$SAX[1]"text" "startElement"[3]"endElement" "comment"[5]"startDocument" "endDocument"[7]"processingInstruction""entityDeclaration"[9]"externalEntity"$DOM[1]"text" "startElement"[3]"comment" "entity"[5]"cdata" "processingInstruction"
分别有SAX和DOM两种方式,想起学Java时的DOM和SAX解析没?
> h2 <- list(+ startElement = function(node,...){+ name <- xmlName(node)+ if(name %in% c("div","title")){NULL}else{node}+ },+ comment = function(node){NULL}+)> handlers<-h2> ids = names(handlers)> ids[1]"startElement""comment"> i = match(ids, XML:::GeneralHandlerNames)> i[1] NA NA>?matchstarting httpd help server ... done>!is.na(i)#如果i中有NA,则返回F,没有NA则返回T[1] FALSE FALSE> prob = any(!is.na(i))#当i中的任意一个元素都不是NA的时候,prob才返回T> prob[1] FALSE
match returns a vector of the positions of (first) matches of its first argument in its second.
> testMatch<-c("a","c")> testSet <- c('a','b','c')> match(testMatch,testSet)[1]13
x <-10class(x)# "numeric"oldClass(x)# NULL#看了下文档,我个人觉得oldClass是S语言的余毒啊!!!inherits(x,"a")#FALSEclass(x)<- c("a","b")# x# [1] 10# attr(,"class")# [1] "a" "b"#即,x为10这个变量被赋予了两个class,分别名为"a"和 "b"inherits(x,"a")#TRUEinherits(x,"a", TRUE)# 1inherits(x, c("a","b","c"), TRUE)# 1 2 0
#以下两行的结果都是integer(0)#奇妙~,先保存原有的配置oldValidate = XML:::xmlValidity()#使用当前的配置XML:::xmlValidity(validate)#还原on.exit(XML:::xmlValidity(oldValidate))
> XML:::xmlValidity()integer(0)> getAnywhere(xmlValidity)A single object matching ‘xmlValidity’ was foundIt was found in the following placesnamespace:XMLwith valuefunction (val = integer(0)){.Call("RS_XML_getDefaultValiditySetting",as.integer(val),PACKAGE ="XML")}<environment: namespace:XML>
on.exit records the expression given as its argument as needing to be executed when the current function exits (either naturally or as the result of an error). This is useful for resetting graphical parameters or performing other cleanup actions.
> opar <- par(bg='lightblue')> on.exit(par(opar))> plot(c(1,2,3),c(4,5,6))#蓝色背景> plot(c(1,2,3,4,5),runif(5))#蓝色背景#此时关闭绘图窗口> plot(c(1,2,3,4,5),rnorm(5))#白色背景
plot_with_big_margins <- function(...){old_pars <- par(mar = c(10,9,9,7))on.exit(par(old_pars))plot(...)}plot_with_big_margins(with(cars, speed, dist))
#不关闭图像窗口,此时再运行如下语句plot(c(1,2,3),c(4,5,6))
对比plot_with_big_margins <- function(...){par(mar = c(10,9,9,7))plot(...)}plot_with_big_margins(with(cars, speed, dist))
#不关闭图像窗口,此时再运行:plot(c(1,2,3),c(4,5,6))
old_pars <- par(mar = c(10,9,9,7))on.exit(par(old_pars))
不是要还原吗?为什么是把old_pars传递给par()?
> old_pars <- par(mar = c(10,9,9,7))> old_pars$mar[1]5.14.14.12.1> op <- options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)> op$stringsAsFactors[1] TRUE
par() #得到的mar是5.14.14.12.1plot_with_big_margins <- function(...){old_pars <- par(mar = c(10,9,9,7)) #原参数被保存,新参数设置生效print(par()),9,9,7on.exit(par(old_pars)) #参数被还原为原来的参数plot(...)}plot_with_big_margins(with(cars, speed, dist))par()#得到的mar是5.14.14.12.1
my_plot <- function(){with(cars, plot(speed, dist))}save_base_plot <- function(plot_fn, file){png(file)on.exit(dev.off())plot_fn()}save_base_plot(my_plot,"testcars.png")
#replaceEntities的默认值是FALSEold = XML:::setEntitySubstitution(replaceEntities)#old的值是FALSEon.exit(XML:::setEntitySubstitution(old), add = TRUE)
这几行代码的功能是类似的
> XML:::setEntitySubstitutionfunction (val).Call("RS_XML_SubstituteEntitiesDefault",as.logical(val), PACKAGE ="XML")<environment: namespace:XML>
.oldErrorHandler = XML:::setXMLErrorHandler(error)#所以,这种点开头的命名是什么鬼?# class(.oldErrorHandler)# [1] "list"on.exit(.Call("RS_XML_setStructuredErrorHandler",.oldErrorHandler,PACKAGE ="XML"), add = TRUE)> XML:::htmlErrorHandlerfunction (msg, code, domain, line, col, level, filename,class="XMLError"){e = makeXMLError(msg, code, domain, line, col, level, filename,class)dom = names(e$domain)class(e)= c(names(e$code), sprintf("%s_Error", gsub("_FROM_","_", dom)),class(e))if(e$code == xmlParserErrors["XML_IO_LOAD_ERROR"])stop(e)}<environment: namespace:XML>> XML:::setXMLErrorHandlerfunction (fun){prev =.Call("RS_XML_getStructuredErrorHandler", PACKAGE ="XML")sym = getNativeSymbolInfo("R_xmlStructuredErrorHandler","XML")$address.Call("RS_XML_setStructuredErrorHandler", list(fun, sym),PACKAGE ="XML")prev}<environment: namespace:XML>
> getAnywhere(BOMRegExp)A single object matching ‘BOMRegExp’ was foundIt was found in the following placesnamespace:XMLwith value[1]"(\\xEF\\xBB\\xBF|\\xFE\\xFF|\\xFF\\xFE)"

untar(download.packages(pkgs ="XML",destdir =".",type ="source")[,2])
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