Asp.Net Core混合使用cookie和JwtBearer认证方案

自己有时捣鼓一些小型演示项目，服务端主要是提供Web Api功能。为了便于管理，需要在服务端加一些简单的MVC网页，用管理员身份登录，做一些简单的操作。

因此需要实现一个功能，在一个Asp.Net Core网站里，MVC网页用cookie认证，Web Api用JwtBearer认证。虽然Identity Server 4可以实现多种认证方案，但是我觉得它太重了，想直接在网站内集成2种认证方案。在网上没有找到现成的DEMO，自己折腾了一段时间搞定了，所以记录一下。

创建cookie认证方案的MVC网站

新建Asp.Net Core MVC项目。无身份验证。无https方便调试。

添加登录网页视图模型类LoginViewModel

public class LoginViewModel
    {
        public string UserName { get; set; } = "";

        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        public string Password { get; set; } = "";
    }

给Home控制器增加登录和注销函数，登录的时候要创建用户身份标识。

        [HttpGet]
        public IActionResult Login(string returnUrl = "")
        {
            ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost, ActionName("Login")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> LoginPost(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl = "")
        {
            ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                bool succee = (model.UserName == "admin") && (model.Password == "");

                if (succee)
                {
                    //创建用户身份标识
                    var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
                    claimsIdentity.AddClaims(new List<Claim>()
                    {
                        new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, model.UserName),
                        new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, model.UserName),
                        new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin"),
                    });

                    await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity));

                    return Redirect(returnUrl);
                }
                else
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "帐号或者密码错误。");
                    return View(model);
                }
            }

            return View(model);
        }

        public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
        {
            await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            return Redirect("/Home/Index");
        }

新建一个登录网页Login.cshtml

@model MixAuth.Models.LoginViewModel

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "登录";
}

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-8 col-md-6">
        <form asp-action="Login" asp-route-returnurl="@ViewData["ReturnUrl"]" method="post">

            <div asp-validation-summary="All" class="text-danger"></div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="UserName"></label>
                <input asp-for="UserName" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名" />
                <span asp-validation-for="UserName" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码" />
                <span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span>
            </div>

            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button>

        </form>
    </div>
</div>

@section Scripts {
    @await Html.PartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial")
}

　　

然后在Startup.cs增加cookie认证方案，并开启认证中间件。

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                .AddCookie(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
                {
                    //认证失败，会自动跳转到这个地址
                    options.LoginPath = "/Home/Login";
                });

            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
            {
                // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
                //options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
            });

            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }

            app.UseStaticFiles();
            //app.UseCookiePolicy();

            //开启认证中间件
            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }

给Home控制器的About函数增加认证要求。

        [Authorize]
        public IActionResult About()

把网站跑起来，点击关于，就会跳转到登录页面，登录通过后，会调回关于页面。

给网页再增加显示用户登录状态的功能。修改\Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml，增加一个分部视图

<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="About">About</a></li>
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Contact">Contact</a></li>
                </ul>
                @await Html.PartialAsync("_LoginPartial")
            </div>

　　

_LoginPartial.cshtml分部视图内容

@if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
    <form asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Logout" method="post" class="navbar-right">
        <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li>
                <a href="#">@User.Identity.Name</a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link">
                    退出登录
                </button>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </form>
}
else
{
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        <li>
            <a asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Login" asp-route-returnUrl="/Home">
                登录
            </a>
        </li>
    </ul>
}

　　

现在可以点击页面导航栏的按钮的登录和注销了。

至此，网页用cookie认证方案搞定。下面要在这个基础上，增加Web Api和JwtBearer认证。

创建JwtBearer认证方案的Web Api控制器

添加一个Web Api控制器，就用默认的value好了。

增加一个JWTTokenOptions类，定义认证的一些属性。

public class JWTTokenOptions
    {
        //谁颁发的
        public string Issuer { get; set; } = "server";

        //颁发给谁
        public string Audience { get; set; } = "client";

        //令牌密码
        public string SecurityKey { get; private set; } = "a secret that needs to be at least 16 characters long";

        //修改密码，重新创建数字签名
        public void SetSecurityKey(string value)
        {
            SecurityKey = value;

            CreateKey();
        }

        //对称秘钥
        public SymmetricSecurityKey Key { get; set; }

        //数字签名
        public SigningCredentials Credentials { get; set; }

        public JWTTokenOptions()
        {
            CreateKey();
        }

        private void CreateKey()
        {
            Key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(SecurityKey));
            Credentials = new SigningCredentials(Key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
        }
    }

　　

在startup.cs增加JwtBearer认证方案。

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            JWTTokenOptions jwtTokenOptions = new JWTTokenOptions();

            services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                .AddCookie(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
                {
                    //认证失败，会自动跳转到这个地址
                    options.LoginPath = "/Home/Login";
                })
                .AddJwtBearer(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, jwtBearerOptions =>
                {
                    jwtBearerOptions.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                        IssuerSigningKey = jwtTokenOptions.Key,

                        ValidateIssuer = true,
                        ValidIssuer = jwtTokenOptions.Issuer,

                        ValidateAudience = true,
                        ValidAudience = jwtTokenOptions.Audience,

                        ValidateLifetime = true,
                        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes()
                    };
                });

            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
            {
                // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
                //options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
            });

            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
        }

给value控制器增加认证方案，注意指定方案名称为JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme。MVC控制器无需指定方案名称，因为默认就是CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme。

    [Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class ValueController : ControllerBase

此时通过浏览器访问Web Api控制器，http://localhost:5000/api/Value，会得到401错误，这是对的，我们也不打算通过浏览器的方式访问Web Api，而是通过PC或者手机客户端。为了让认证客户端，需要增加一个获取Token的函数，暂时放在Home控制器，它的属性设置为[AllowAnonymous]，允许未认证者访问。

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet]
        public string GetToken(string userName, string password)
        {
            bool success = ((userName == "user") && (password == ""));
            if (!success)
                return "";

            JWTTokenOptions jwtTokenOptions = new JWTTokenOptions();

            //创建用户身份标识
            var claims = new Claim[]
            {
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, userName),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "user"),
            };

            //创建令牌
            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: jwtTokenOptions.Issuer,
                audience: jwtTokenOptions.Audience,
                claims: claims,
                notBefore: DateTime.Now,
                expires: DateTime.Now.AddDays(),
                signingCredentials: jwtTokenOptions.Credentials
                );

            string jwtToken = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);

            return jwtToken;
        }

编写客户端使用JwtBearer认证

编写一个WPF客户端软件去获取Token，访问Web Api。

private async Task GetTokenAsync()
        {
            try
            {
                using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
                {
                    //地址
                    string path = $"{webUrl}/Home/GetToken?userName=user&password=111";

                    token = await client.DownloadStringTaskAsync(path);

                    txbMsg.Text = $"获取到令牌={token}";
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                txbMsg.Text = $"获取令牌出错={ex.Message}";
            }
        }

        private async Task GetValueAsync()
        {
            try
            {
                using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
                {
                    //地址
                    string path = $"{webUrl}/api/Value";

                    client.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.Authorization, $"Bearer {token}");

                    string value = await client.DownloadStringTaskAsync(path);

                    txbMsg.Text = $"获取到数据={value}";
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                txbMsg.Text = $"获取数据出错={ex.Message}";
            }
        }

如果直接获取数据，能够捕捉到401错误。

先获取令牌。

再获取数据，就没问题了。

DEMO代码参见：

https://github.com/woodsun2018/MixAuth