Ubuntu系统部署后优化

Ubuntu系统配置调整

前期准备

#更改主机名，重启后不变
hostnamectl set-hostname Zabbix-Server01
#更改主机名，重启后变回从前
hostname Zabbix-Server01

#手动主机重命名（改名之后需要重启）
vim /etc/hostname
#再把/etc/hosts下127.0.0.1的名称改成hostname的名称（此步骤其实不用操作，重启后即可根据hostname变化）
vim /etc/hosts

#首先应该设置root密码
su passwd root
#安装vim
sudo apt-get install vim
#查看磁盘空间
df -h
fdisk -l
#查看端口号
ss -tulpn | grep 8080
#查看端口号2
netstat -tulpn | grep 8080
#查看进程号
ps -ef | grep mysql

1、修改ip地址

关于NetworkManager停用并启用systemd-networkd的方法：相关阅读

#首先，运行以下命令以禁用NetworkManager
sudo systemctl stop NetworkManager
sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager
sudo systemctl mask NetworkManager

#接下来，启动并启用systemd-networkd：
sudo systemctl unmask systemd-networkd.service
sudo systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service
sudo systemctl start systemd-networkd.service

遇到问题的时候，需要使用systemctl mask来禁用服务：相关阅读

修改IP的配置文件

sudo vi/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yam

#This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
    ethernets:
        ens33:
            dhcp4: true
    version: 2

然后按i输入以下内容。设置为静态IP，以及IP地址，dns，网关

network:
    ethernets:
        ens33:
            addresses: [10.0.0.2/24]
            gateway4: 10.0.0.1
            nameservers:
                addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
            dhcp4: no
    version: 2

还可以编写多个网卡配置ens33和ens160，如图：

network:
    ethernets:
        ens33:
            addresses: []
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
        ens160:
            addresses: [192.168.56.3/24]
            dhcp4: no
            optional: true
    version: 2

应用配置

sudo netplan apply

扩展阅读：Netplan——新一代网络配置工具

Ubuntu20.04网络配置

2、修改时区

sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
date -R

3、配置ssh登录

#安装ssh服务器
sudo apt install openssh-server

#修改ssh的配置文件
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

把这个
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
修改成
PermitRootLogin yes

重启ssh
systemctl restart ssh.service

4、更换阿里源 以Ubuntu 20.04版本为例

cp /etc/apt/sources.list{,.bak}
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
#把原先的全删
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
#替换为新的
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
:wq
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
reboot

4、系统优化

#修改文件描述符和进程数
sudo sed -i '/^# End of file/,$d' /etc/security/limits.conf
sudo sh -c "cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
# End of file
root - nproc 512000
* - nproc 512000
root - nofile 512000
* - nofile 512000
EOF"

#软件源替换成阿里云
sudo sed -i.bak 's/http:\/\/.*.ubuntu.com/http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

#更新
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

#重启
reboot