Oracle的聚合函数group by结合CUBE和ROLLUP的使用

转自：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25554/aggreg.htm#DWHSG8618

CUBE Syntax

CUBE appears in the GROUP BY clause in a SELECT statement. Its form is:

SELECT …  GROUP BY CUBE (grouping_column_reference_list)

Example 21-4 CUBE

SELECT channel_desc, calendar_month_desc, countries.country_iso_code,
      TO_CHAR(SUM(amount_sold), '9,999,999,999') SALES$
FROM sales, customers, times, channels, countries
WHERE sales.time_id=times.time_id AND sales.cust_id=customers.cust_id AND
  sales.channel_id= channels.channel_id
 AND customers.country_id = countries.country_id
 AND channels.channel_desc IN
  ('Direct Sales', 'Internet') AND times.calendar_month_desc IN
  ('2000-09', '2000-10') AND countries.country_iso_code IN ('GB', 'US')
GROUP BY CUBE(channel_desc, calendar_month_desc, countries.country_iso_code); 

CHANNEL_DESC         CALENDAR CO SALES$
-------------------- -------- -- --------------
                                      1,790,032
                              GB        208,257
                              US      1,581,775
                     2000-09            864,217
                     2000-09  GB        101,792
                     2000-09  US        762,425
                     2000-10            925,815
                     2000-10  GB        106,465
                     2000-10  US        819,351
Internet                                292,387
Internet                      GB         31,109
Internet                      US        261,278
Internet             2000-09            140,793
Internet             2000-09  GB         16,569
Internet             2000-09  US        124,224
Internet             2000-10            151,593
Internet             2000-10  GB         14,539
Internet             2000-10  US        137,054
Direct Sales                          1,497,646
Direct Sales                  GB        177,148
Direct Sales                  US      1,320,497
Direct Sales         2000-09            723,424
Direct Sales         2000-09  GB         85,223
Direct Sales         2000-09  US        638,201
Direct Sales         2000-10            774,222
Direct Sales         2000-10  GB         91,925
Direct Sales         2000-10  US        682,297

ROLLUP Syntax

ROLLUP appears in the GROUP BY clause in a SELECT statement. Its form is:

SELECT … GROUP BY ROLLUP(grouping_column_reference_list)

Example 21-2 ROLLUP

This example uses the data in the sh sample schema data, the same data as was used in Figure 21-1. The ROLLUP is across three dimensions.

SELECT channels.channel_desc, calendar_month_desc,
       countries.country_iso_code,
       TO_CHAR(SUM(amount_sold), '9,999,999,999') SALES$
FROM sales, customers, times, channels, countries
WHERE sales.time_id=times.time_id
  AND sales.cust_id=customers.cust_id
  AND customers.country_id = countries.country_id
  AND sales.channel_id = channels.channel_id
  AND channels.channel_desc IN ('Direct Sales', 'Internet')
  AND times.calendar_month_desc IN ('2000-09', '2000-10')
  AND countries.country_iso_code IN ('GB', 'US')
GROUP BY
  ROLLUP(channels.channel_desc, calendar_month_desc, countries.country_iso_code);

CHANNEL_DESC         CALENDAR CO SALES$
-------------------- -------- -- --------------
Internet             2000-09  GB         16,569
Internet             2000-09  US        124,224
Internet             2000-09            140,793
Internet             2000-10  GB         14,539
Internet             2000-10  US        137,054
Internet             2000-10            151,593
Internet                                292,387
Direct Sales         2000-09  GB         85,223
Direct Sales         2000-09  US        638,201
Direct Sales         2000-09            723,424
Direct Sales         2000-10  GB         91,925
Direct Sales         2000-10  US        682,297
Direct Sales         2000-10            774,222
Direct Sales                          1,497,646
                                      1,790,032

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仔细观察一下，CUBE与ROLLUP之间的细微差别
rollup(a,b)   统计列包含：(a,b)、(a)、()
rollup(a,b,c) 统计列包含：(a,b,c)、(a,b)、(a)、()
……以此类推ing……

cube(a,b)     统计列包含：(a,b)、(a)、(b)、()
cube(a,b,c)   统计列包含：(a,b,c)、(a,b)、(a,c)、(b,c)、(a)、(b)、(c)、()
……以此类推ing……