NFS服务、SSHD服务

本章内容：

1. NFS服务
2. SSHD服务

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NFS服务

NFS（Network File System）即网络文件系统,用以在网络上与他人共享文件和目录；NFS是运行在应用层的协议；基于Client/Server架构。

部署NFS

server端部署

第一步：下载nfs和rpcbind

rpcbind服务：由于在使用NFS服务进行文件共享之前，需要使用RPC（Remote Procedure Call，远程程序调用）服务将NFS服务器的IP地址和端口号等信息发送给客户端。因此，在启动NFS服务之前，还需要顺带重启并启用rpcbind服务程序

╭─root@server /home/du
╰─➤  yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y

...
Complete!

第二步：配置nfs文件

╭─root@server /home/du
╰─➤  vim /etc/exports      #补充编辑文件内容
...
/du 192.168.80.4/24(rw)
/du 192.168.80.0/24(rw)
/du *(rw)
...

第三步：重启nfs服务和rpcbind服务

╭─root@server /home/du
╰─➤  systemctl restart rpcbind nfs

第四步：更改共享目录“/du”属主为nfsnobody

╭─root@server /home/du
╰─➤  chown -R nfsnobody: /du

client端部署

第一步：下载nfs

╭─root@client ~
╰─➤  yum install nfs-utils -y

...
完毕！

第二步：查看共享

╭─root@client ~
╰─➤  showmount -e 192.168.80.3
Export list for 192.168.80.3:
/du (everyone)

第三步：挂载使用

╭─root@client ~
╰─➤  mkdir /du             #创建挂载目录
╭─root@client ~
╰─➤  mount -t nfs 192.168.80.3:/du /du      #-t：--type   vfstype
╭─root@client ~
╰─➤  df -h      #查看挂载
文件系统             容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/cl-root   17G  4.7G   13G   28% /
devtmpfs             473M     0  473M    0% /dev
tmpfs                489M  144K  489M    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                489M  7.1M  482M    2% /run
tmpfs                489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M   18% /boot
tmpfs                 98M   24K   98M    1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0             4.1G  4.1G     0  100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
192.168.80.3:/du      17G  1.3G   16G    8% /du
╭─root@client ~
╰─➤  cd /du        #进入到挂载目录
╭─root@client /du
╰─➤  touch cjk        #如果sever端没有更改共享目录的属主就会报错
touch: 正在设置"cjk" 的时间: 权限不够
╭─root@client /du
╰─➤  touch cjk        #sever端执行第四步：更改属主后
╭─root@client /du
╰─➤  ls
1903班学员基本信息表(1).xlsx  cjk  威武.docx

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SSHD服务

SSH（ Secure Shell ）即安全外壳协议；SSH 为建立在应用层和传输层基础上的安全协议；

• 作用1：是远程连接linux系统的一种服务协议，常用于加密传输数据。
• 作用2：相比较之前用telnet方式来传输文件要安全很多，因为telnet使用明文传输，ssh是加密传输；
• 作用3：sshd服务使用SSH协议可以用来进行远程控制， 或在计算机之间传送文件；

SSH协议默认端口22，这个端口一般是可以更改或者添加的，配置文件位置在：/etc/ssh/sshd_config通过编辑文件可以修改sshd服务的相关配置；

ssh配置文件

/etc/ssh/ssh_config   #客户端配置文件
/etc/sshd_config   #服务器端配置文件

SSH服务安装(系统已经默认安装并开机自启)

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  yum -y install openssh openssh-clients openssh-server openssh-askpass

远程连接线上服务器

语法：ssh[远程主机用户名]@远程主机ip地址

第一步：ssh连接（确保能ping通）

方法一：ssh root@192.168.80.4
方法二：ssh 192.168.80.4

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ssh 192.168.80.4
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.4 (192.168.80.4)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:m+YjLnd/Q27EtPXBv+ZkEawNSjcgcExVmGZCFC6M0v8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:2c:8c:34:b9:0c:00:5f:41:9e:f8:03:bf:ce:50:de:27.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes  #输入yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.4' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.4's password:      #输入密码
Last login: Sun Jun  2 13:42:47 2019 from 192.168.80.1
╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:d0:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.4/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5e15:9431:4cf4:2bd5/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:8f:de:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:8f:de:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

第二步：退出远程服务器

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  exit
Connection to 192.168.80.4 closed.
╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7f:e5:12 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.3/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:e512/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

免密登录远程主机

第一步：生成密钥对

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:sIQ7fonPlTfI4JKe9VGl/yqOr4YqLCi3sLJ2NkvZFe0 root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|     .  .        |
|    . o. .  .    |
|     o oo  o     |
|    o o.SEo      |
|   .o=.+ + .     |
|o. o=.=.* o .    |
|=+== B.o.+.. .   |
|*+++*.o.++o....  |
+----[SHA256]-----+

第二步：查看生成的秘钥

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ls /root/.ssh     #公钥在/root/.ssh 目录下
id_rsa   id_rsa.pub   known_hosts

———————— #其中：
id_rsa: 私钥（执行ssh-keygen生成）
id_rsa.pub: 公钥（执行ssh-keygen生成）
known_hosts: 主机信息
————————

第三步：传输公钥

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ssh-copy-id root@192.168.80.4
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.80.4's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.80.4'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

第四步：免密登录

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  ssh 'root@192.168.80.4'
Last login: Sun Jun  2 19:01:49 2019 from 192.168.80.3

第五步：退出远程服务器

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  exit
Connection to 192.168.80.4 closed.

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拓展：scp

作用：

scp可以实现远程主机之间的文件复制

scp使用ssh协议，所有想要免密进行复制，需要发送秘钥给相应的节点

option：

-r: 复制目录时使用

-P：大写的P指定端口

演示：

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /home/du
╰─➤  ls
3  cjk  default  改名.docx
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /home/du
╰─➤  scp cjk 192.168.80.4:/home       #scp发送主机文件到远程节点
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.4 (192.168.80.4)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 2c:8c:34:b9:0c:00:5f:41:9e:f8:03:bf:ce:50:de:27.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.4' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.4's password:           #输入密码
cjk                                                                                                    100%    6     0.0KB/s   00:00
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /home/du
╰─➤  scp 192.168.80.4:/home/cjk /home     #scp拉取远程节点文件到本地
root@192.168.80.4's password:            #输入密码
cjk                                                                                                    100%    6     0.0KB/s   00:00
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /home/du
╰─➤  ls /home
cjk  du  test1  test2