[LeetCode] Search in a Sorted Array of Unknown Size 在未知大小的有序数组中搜索

Given an integer array sorted in ascending order, write a function to search target in nums.  If target exists, then return its index, otherwise return -1. However, the array size is unknown to you. You may only access the array using an ArrayReader interface, where ArrayReader.get(k) returns the element of the array at index k (0-indexed).

You may assume all integers in the array are less than 10000, and if you access the array out of bounds, ArrayReader.get will return 2147483647.

Example 1:

Input: array = [-1,0,3,5,9,12], target = 9
Output: 4
Explanation: 9 exists in nums and its index is 4

Example 2:

Input: array = [-1,0,3,5,9,12], target = 2
Output: -1
Explanation: 2 does not exist in nums so return -1

Note:

1. You may assume that all elements in the array are unique.
2. The value of each element in the array will be in the range [-9999, 9999].

这道题给了我们一个未知大小的数组，让我们在其中搜索数字。给了我们一个ArrayReader的类，我们可以通过get函数来获得数组中的数字，如果越界了的话，会返回整型数最大值。既然是有序数组，又要搜索，那么二分搜索法肯定是不二之选，问题是需要知道数组的首尾两端的位置，才能进行二分搜索，而这道题刚好就是大小未知的数组。所以博主的第一个想法就是先用二分搜索法来求出数组的大小，然后再用一个二分搜索来查找数字，这种方法是可以通过OJ的。但其实我们是不用先来确定数组的大小的，而是可以直接进行搜索数字，我们实际上是假设数组就有整型最大值个数字，在多余的位置上相当于都填上了整型最大值，那么这也是一个有序的数组，我们可以直接用一个二分搜索法进行查找即可，参见代码如下：

// Forward declaration of ArrayReader class.
class ArrayReader;

class Solution {
public:
    int search(const ArrayReader& reader, int target) {
        int left = , right = INT_MAX;
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / , x = reader.get(mid);
            if (x == target) return mid;
            else if (x < target) left = mid + ;
            else right = mid;
        }
        return -;
    }
};

类似题目：

Binary Search

类似题目：

https://leetcode.com/problems/search-in-a-sorted-array-of-unknown-size/

https://leetcode.com/problems/search-in-a-sorted-array-of-unknown-size/discuss/171669/Straight-forward-binary-search.

https://leetcode.com/problems/search-in-a-sorted-array-of-unknown-size/discuss/151685/Shortest-and-cleanest-Java-solution-so-far...

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)