window和linux(centos7)安装mysql5.7

window mysql 安装步骤

• 社区版本下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=474802

  

• 下载完成后，得到mysql-installer-web-community-5.7.21.0.msi文件，双击安装

  

• 进入安装界面，下一步

  

• 勾选server only 或者 Developer Default都可以，这里勾选仅服务器形式安装，然后下一步

  

• 点击execute后，等待下载完成并自动安装

  

• 安装完成后，一直点击下一步，直到出现设置root用户密码的界面

  
  

• 设置完密码后,继续下一步， 到如下页面后，若白色圆圈中都是绿色则代表成功，否则出现红色就说明本地环境有问题。默认数据端口就是3306

  

• 打开开始mysql默认命令行客户端，测试是否安装成功

  
  

• 至此，window环境下mysql安装完成

linux mysql 安装步骤

CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用MariaDB代替了，MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品

• 卸载centos7自带的MariaDB

  [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb #检查mariadb是否已安装
  Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
  mariadb-libs.x86_64                   1:5.5.52-1.el7                 @anaconda  
  
  [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]# yum -y remove mariadb*   #全部卸载
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
  Resolving Dependencies
  --> Running transaction check
  ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be erased
  --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
  --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
  --> Running transaction check
  ---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 will be erased
  --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  ##########################省略中间部分####################
  Removed:
    mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7     
  
  Dependency Removed:
    postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7
  Complete!
  

• 下载并安装mysql的YUM源

  • 下载mysql的yum源

  wget -P /home/wuzhazha http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
  

  • 安装mysql的YUM源

  rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
  

  [root@VM_0_9_centos home]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
  warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
  Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
  Updating / installing...
  1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%]
  

  • 检查mysql的YUM源是否安装成功

  yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
  

  [root@VM_0_9_centos home]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
  Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
  mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 131
  mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      100
  mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 384
  

  看到上图所示表示安装成功

  • 查看mysql版本

  yum repolist all | grep mysql
  

  [root@VM_0_9_centos home]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
  Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
  mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community   disabled
  mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
  mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community   disabled
  mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
  mysql-connectors-community/x86_64  MySQL Connectors Community    enabled:    131
  mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community -  disabled
  mysql-tools-community/x86_64       MySQL Tools Community         enabled:    100
  mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
  mysql-tools-preview/x86_64         MySQL Tools Preview           disabled
  mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source  disabled
  mysql55-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.5 Community Server    disabled
  mysql55-community-source           MySQL 5.5 Community Server -  disabled
  mysql56-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.6 Community Server    disabled
  mysql56-community-source           MySQL 5.6 Community Server -  disabled
  mysql57-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.7 Community Server    enabled:    384
  mysql57-community-source           MySQL 5.7 Community Server -  disabled
  mysql80-community/x86_64           MySQL 8.0 Community Server    disabled
  mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server -  disabled
  

  可以看到，默认5.7是启用的版本。可以通过类似下面的语句来启动或禁用某些版本

  yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
  yum-config-manager --disable mysql56-community
  

  或者通过修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo文件，改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0，然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可 。

  注意，任何时候，只能启用一个版本 。查看当前的启用的 MySQL 版本：yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

  [root@VM_0_9_centos home]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
  Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
  mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 131
  mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      100
  mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 384
  

• 安装mysql

  安装过程中一直输入"y"就可以了，当出现下面的结果时，就代表mysql数据库安装成功

  yum install mysql-community-server
  

• 启动mysql服务

  systemctl start mysqld
  

• 进入mysql命令行

  [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]# mysql
  ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
  

  出现上述错误，说明mysql安装完后给root用户生成了一个默认密码，所以你需要使用密码登录。

  为了加强安全性，MySQL5.7为root用户随机生成了一个密码，如果安装的是RPM包，则默认是在/var/log/mysqld.log中。

  [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
  2019-11-04T06:34:15.567040Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: NsRSsti#+7Vw
  

  密码为NsRSsti#+7Vw

  [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -pNsRSsti#+7Vw
  mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 4
  Server version: 5.7.28
  
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
  mysql>
  

  出现上述提示，则表示登录成功！

  接下来执行use mysql可能会出现如下错误

  mysql> use mysql
  ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
  

  因此，在使用前就必须修改密码

• 修改mysql密码

  alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
  # mysqladmin -u root password 'Root123456'
  #set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456');
  

  可能出现如下问题

  mysql>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Root123456';
  ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
  

  这是由于设置的密码不符合当前的密码策略，两种处理方式：1.设置符合当前密码策略的复杂密码；2.修改策略，依然使用弱密码（自己玩的话就没啥所谓）

  这里就以方式2为例：

  密码策略主要跟 validate_password_policy 取值有关,默认取值为MEDIUM,

  密码长度主要跟validate_password_length取值有关，默认值为8

  

  更改两个策略，1是允许弱密码，2是更改默认的密码长度

  set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
  set global validate_password_length=6; #最小值为4，设置小于4也会被重置为4
  

  mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
  mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%' #查看密码策略
  

  

  策略更改成功，继续修改密码

  mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Root123456';
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  

  如上，修改密码成功！

• 修改数据库字符集,默认latinl

  mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'
  

  

  默认服务器的字符器是 latin1 ，对中文不友好。修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件，添加字符集的设置

  [root@VM_0_9_centos ~]# vim  /etc/my.cnf 
  
  [mysql]
  default-character-set=utf8 # 添加部分
  
  # For advice on how to change settings please see
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
  
  [mysqld]
  character_set_server=utf8 # 添加部分
  #
  # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  #
  # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
  # changes to the binary log between backups.
  # log_bin
  #
  # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
  # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
  # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
  # join_buffer_size = 128M
  # sort_buffer_size = 2M
  # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  datadir=/var/lib/mysql
  socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
  
  log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
  

  修改完成后，重启mysql，systemctl restart mysqld

  

  如上，更改成功！

• 需要开启远程访问（参考）

  • 防火墙设置

  #远程访问 MySQL， 需开放默认端口号 3306
  firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
  firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/udp
  
  firewall-cmd --reload #使最新的防火墙设置规则生效
  

  • 创建用户并授予权限

  创建一个普通用户 sa ，密码是123456；给这个用户授予 SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE 的远程访问的权限，这个账号一般用于提供给实施的系统访问

  CREATE USER 'sa'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
  GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE ON *.* TO 'sa'@'%';
  

  创建一个管理员用户 admin 账号 ，密码是 123456 ；给这个用户授予所有的远程访问的权限。这个用户主要用于管理整个数据库、备份、还原等操作

  CREATE USER 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%';
  

  • 设置用户 root 的访问权限

  #可以在任意 IP 下被访问
  grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "密码";
  #如果上述执行完并flush privileges还是不生效，可以换成以下方式
  update user set host='%' where user='root'
  
  #设置用户 root 可以在本地被访问
  grant all privileges on *.* to root@"localhost" identified by "密码";
  

  • 使授权立刻生效（以上授权操作最好都附加上该语句）

  flush privileges;
  

• 常用命令

  systemctl start mysqld  #启动mysqld
  systemctl stop mysqld  #停止mysqld
  systemctl restart mysqld  #重启mysqld
  systemctl enable mysqld  #设置开机启动
  systemctl status mysqld  #查看 MySQL Server 状态
  

参考

• https://blog.csdn.net/lihaiyong92/article/details/81330046 （安装部分）
• https://www.cnblogs.com/huangxinyuan650/p/6360464.html（安装部分）
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32786873/article/details/80664160 （密码设置）
• https://blog.csdn.net/hello_world_qwp/article/details/79551789 （密码策略）
• https://blog.csdn.net/memory6364/article/details/82426052 （密码策略）