【Python】Python PYQT4 GUI编程与exe打包

　　本篇文章承接http://www.cnblogs.com/zhang-zhi/p/7646923.html#3807385，上篇文章描述了对文本文件的简单处理，本章节结合PYQT4实现该功能的GUI图形界面化，简单的UI界面可以更好的提高工具的实用性，所以在此进行一下记录。

主要实现功能效果展示如下：

1、打开本地对话框，选择文件

 

2、文件打开，报文输入及报文清空功能

3、核心功能，报文格式转换

4、退出

一、Python GUI开发之PYQT4

1、先安装PYQT4

    有两种方式可以下载：

①pip下载，终端运行pip install pyqt4

②pycharm工具安装

打开pycharm工具，点击“File”→“settings”→“Project：Project Interpreter”→“+（install）”→“输入pyqt4”，安装即可。

2、在pyqt4的安装目录：C:\Users\zg\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4下，找到应用程序启动即可。

3、启动designer.exe程序后，进入Qt设计师主界面，就可以开始你的GUI设计之路了。。

4、选择“Main window”窗体，创建~

5、接下来是重点，pyqt4提供了直接将ui文件转为py文件的功能，非常实用，具体方法为：

编辑好ui界面后，点击保存（最好保存在C:\Users\zg\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts目录下），终端执行命令：pyuic4 xxx.ui -o xxx.py即可生成py代码文件xxx.py。

6、根据生成的py代码文件，再进行进一步的功能实现，下面贴出我的GUI界面及代码，仅供参考学习~

一个简单的文本处理工具，实现接口报文的转换与生成

代码如下：

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'DataRaw.ui'
 #
 # Created by: PyQt4 UI code generator 4.11.4
 #
 # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
 import sys
 import re
 from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
 try:
     _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
 except AttributeError:
     def _fromUtf8(s):
         return s

 try:
     _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
     def _translate(context, text, disambig):
         return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
 except AttributeError:
     def _translate(context, text, disambig):
         return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)

 class Ui_MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
     def __init__(self):
         QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
         self.setupUi(self)

     def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
         MainWindow.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("MainWindow"))
         MainWindow.resize(850, 740)
         # MainWindow.setMaximumSize(850, 740)
         #禁止窗口最大化
         MainWindow.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.WindowMinimizeButtonHint)
         #禁止拖拉窗口
         MainWindow.setFixedSize(MainWindow.width(), MainWindow.height());
         MainWindow.setMouseTracking(False)
         icon = QtGui.QIcon()
         icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(r"C:\Users\zg\Desktop\ico\Facebook.ico")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal,QtGui.QIcon.Off)
         MainWindow.setWindowIcon(icon)
         self.centralwidget = QtGui.QWidget(MainWindow)
         self.centralwidget.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("centralwidget"))
         self.pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
         self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(370, 60, 75, 23))
         self.pushButton.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton"))
         self.pushButton_2 = QtGui.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
         self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(370, 110, 75, 23))
         self.pushButton_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton_2"))
         self.groupBox = QtGui.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
         self.groupBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 341, 641))
         self.groupBox.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("groupBox"))
         self.textEdit_2 = QtGui.QTextEdit(self.groupBox)
         self.textEdit_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 301, 551))
         #设置报文框字体
         font = QtGui.QFont()
         font.setFamily(_fromUtf8("新宋体"))
         font.setPointSize(10)
         font.setBold(False)
         font.setWeight(50)
         self.textEdit_2.setFont(font)
         self.textEdit_2.setMidLineWidth(1)
         #设置报文框垂直滚动条
         self.textEdit_2.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAsNeeded)
         #设置报文框水平滚动条
         self.textEdit_2.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAsNeeded)
         self.textEdit_2.setTabChangesFocus(True)
         self.textEdit_2.setUndoRedoEnabled(False)
         #设置报文框取消自动换行
         self.textEdit_2.setLineWrapMode(QtGui.QTextEdit.NoWrap)
         self.textEdit_2.setOverwriteMode(False)
         self.textEdit_2.setCursorWidth(1)
         self.textEdit_2.setTextInteractionFlags(QtCore.Qt.LinksAccessibleByKeyboard | QtCore.Qt.LinksAccessibleByMouse | QtCore.Qt.TextBrowserInteraction | QtCore.Qt.TextEditable | QtCore.Qt.TextEditorInteraction | QtCore.Qt.TextSelectableByKeyboard | QtCore.Qt.TextSelectableByMouse)
         self.textEdit_2.setMouseTracking(True)
         self.textEdit_2.setAutoFillBackground(False)
         self.textEdit_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("textEdit_2"))

         self.pushButton_3 = QtGui.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
         self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 590, 101, 41))
         self.pushButton_3.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton_3"))
         self.pushButton_4 = QtGui.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
         self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 590, 101, 41))
         self.pushButton_4.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton_4"))
         self.groupBox_2 = QtGui.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
         self.groupBox_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(460, 30, 370, 641))
         self.groupBox_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("groupBox_2"))
         self.textEdit = QtGui.QTextEdit(self.groupBox_2)
         self.textEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 332, 591))
         #结果框字体设置
         font = QtGui.QFont()
         font.setFamily(_fromUtf8("新宋体"))
         font.setPointSize(10)
         font.setBold(False)
         font.setWeight(50)
         self.textEdit.setFont(font)
         self.textEdit.setMidLineWidth(1)
         #结果框垂直滚动条设置开关
         self.textEdit.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAsNeeded)
         # 结果框水平滚动条设置开关
         self.textEdit.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAsNeeded)
         self.textEdit.setTabChangesFocus(True)
         self.textEdit.setUndoRedoEnabled(False)
         #结果框取消自动换行
         self.textEdit.setLineWrapMode(QtGui.QTextEdit.NoWrap)
         self.textEdit.setOverwriteMode(False)
         self.textEdit.setCursorWidth(1)
         self.textEdit.setTextInteractionFlags(QtCore.Qt.LinksAccessibleByKeyboard | QtCore.Qt.LinksAccessibleByMouse | QtCore.Qt.TextBrowserInteraction | QtCore.Qt.TextEditable | QtCore.Qt.TextEditorInteraction | QtCore.Qt.TextSelectableByKeyboard | QtCore.Qt.TextSelectableByMouse)
         self.textEdit.setMouseTracking(True)
         self.textEdit.setAutoFillBackground(False)
         self.textEdit.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("textEdit"))

         # self.customContextMenuRequested(QPoint)
         MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
         self.menubar = QtGui.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
         self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
         self.menubar.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("menubar"))
         self.menu = QtGui.QMenu(self.menubar)
         self.menu.setContextMenuPolicy(QtCore.Qt.DefaultContextMenu)
         self.menu.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("menu"))
         MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
         self.statusbar = QtGui.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
         self.statusbar.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("statusbar"))
         MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
         self.action = QtGui.QAction(MainWindow)
         self.action.setCheckable(False)
         icon = QtGui.QIcon()
         icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(r"C:\Users\zg\Desktop\---\ico\Open.ico")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
         self.action.setIcon(icon)
         self.action.setShortcutContext(QtCore.Qt.WidgetShortcut)
         self.action.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("action"))
         self.action_2 = QtGui.QAction(MainWindow)
         icon1 = QtGui.QIcon()
         icon1.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(r"C:\Users\zg\Desktop\---\ico\Log Out.ico")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
         self.action_2.setIcon(icon1)
         self.action_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("action_2"))
         self.menu.addAction(self.action)
         self.menu.addAction(self.action_2)
         self.menubar.addAction(self.menu.menuAction())

         self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.action_2, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("triggered()")), MainWindow.close)
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.action, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("triggered()")), self.openfile)
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.pushButton, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("clicked()")), self.soap)
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.pushButton_2, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("clicked()")), self.http)
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.pushButton_3, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("clicked()")), self.openfile)
         QtCore.QObject.connect(self.pushButton_4, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("clicked()")), self.textEdit_2.clear)
         QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

     def soap(self):
         linenum = 1
         header = 'soap_request(\n\t"StepName=google", \n\t"ExpectedResponse=AnySoap", \n\t"URL=http://api.google.com/search/beta2", \n\t"SOAPEnvelope= "\n\t"<?xml version=\\"1.0\\" encoding=\\"utf-8\\"?>"\n'
         last = '\n\t'+'"Snapshot=t1.inf",\n\t"ResponseParam=result",\n\tLAST );'
         src = self.textEdit_2.toPlainText()
         lines = src.splitlines()
         Message = ''
         for line in lines:
             #判断该行是否为空行
             if len(line.strip())>0:
                 #找出每行第一个非空字符的位置
                 num = re.search(r'\S', line).span()[0]
                 if linenum < len(lines):
                     #对每行进行拼接
                     line = "\t"+line[:num] + '"' + line[num:].replace('"',r'\"').rstrip() + '"' + '\n'
                     linenum += 1
                 else:
                     line = "\t"+line[:num] + '"' + line[num:].replace('"',r'\"').rstrip() + '"' + ','
             else:
                 line = '\n'
                 linenum += 1
             Message += line
         if len(lines)>0:
             try:
                 Trans_Message = header + Message + last
                 #输出到界面
                 self.textEdit.clear()
                 self.textEdit.append(Trans_Message)
             except:
                 print("输入错误")
         else:
             print("异常")
     # http报文转换
     def http(self):
         linenum = 1
         header = 'web_custom_request(\n\t\"name\",\n\t\"Method=POST\",\n\t\"URL=http://{SERVERIP}:7017/ciitcmp/commserver\",\n\t\"Body=\"\n'
         last = '\tLAST );'
         src = self.textEdit_2.toPlainText()
         lines = src.splitlines()
         Message = ''
         for line in lines:
             # 判断是否是空行
             if len(line.strip()) == 0 or line.startswith('#'):
                 continue
                 # data = '\r\t\n'
                 linenum += 1
             elif len(line.strip()) > 0 and linenum < len(lines):
                 num = re.search(r'\S', line).span()[0]
                 data = '\t' + line[:num] + '"' + line[num:].replace('"', r'\"').rstrip() + '"' + '\n'
                 linenum += 1
             else:
                 num = re.search(r'\S', line).span()[0]
                 data = '\t' + line[:num] + '"' + line[num:].replace('"', r'\"').rstrip() + '"' + ',' + '\n'
             Message += data
         if len(lines)>0:
             try:
                 # #print(myMd5_Digest)
                 Trans_Message = header + Message + last
                 #输出到界面
                 self.textEdit.clear()
                 self.textEdit.append(Trans_Message)
             except:
                 pass
         else:
             pass
     #打开本地文件夹
     def openfile(self):
         try:
             filename = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,"Open file","/")
             with open(filename, 'r') as f:
                 FileData = f.read()
             self.textEdit_2.setPlainText(FileData)
         except:
             print("关闭文件对话框！")
     def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
         MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "文本处理工具V2.0 By:---", None))
         MainWindow.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "文本处理工具", None))
         self.pushButton.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "点击将报文转换为soap请求", None))
         self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "SOAP", None))
         self.pushButton_2.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "点击将报文转换为http请求", None))
         self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "HTTP", None))
         self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "报文", None))
         self.textEdit_2.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "文本输入框", None))
         self.pushButton_3.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "点击打开本地文件", None))
         self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open", None))
         self.pushButton_4.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "点击清除文本框内容", None))
         self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Clear", None))
         self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "结果", None))
         self.textEdit.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "结果输出框", None))
         self.menu.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "文件", None))
         self.action.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开", None))
         self.action.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "点击打开本地文件", None))
         self.action.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+D", None))
         self.action_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "退出", None))
         self.action_2.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "点击退出程序", None))
         self.action_2.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+C", None))
 if __name__ =='__main__':
     app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
     Form = QtGui.QMainWindow()
     ui = Ui_MainWindow()
     ui.setupUi(Form)
     Form.show()
     sys.exit(app.exec_())

二、将py文件打包成exe文件

    实现exe文件打包的工具很多，如：pyinstaller、py2exe、cxfreeze等，这里使用cxfreeze进行文件打包，直接使用pip install pyinstaller安装pyinstaller即可。

此时可以为exe文件添加自己想要的ico图标，方法如下：

注意：将ico文件放在py文件相同目录下，并修改xxx.spec文件（与xxx.py文件同一目录下，相同名字的spec文件）

打开终端，执行pyinstaller xxx.spec

生成exe文件~

笔者用cxfreeze进行过exe文件的打包，过程中发生了一下，特此记录一下~

①、安装cxfreeze完毕后，到安装目录C:\Users\zg\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts\pyinstaller下，运行命令行窗口，执行命令cxfreeze，若发生以下报错

②、需在该目录下，创建cxfreeze.bat文件，文件内容为

3、执行如下命令打包即可

cxfreeze xxx.py --target-dir=d:\dist\ --icon=d:\xxxx.ico

　　以上就是就是Python PYQT4的简单应用了，实现的功能比较简单，后续会在进行相应的功能优化，敬请期待~~~