MySQL GROUP BY 的问题

拿 employee 示例数据库为例，当进行如下操作时会报错。

mysql> SELECT * FROM   employees GROUP  BY gender;
ERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #1 of SELECT list is not in GROUP BY clause and contains nonaggregated column 'employees.employees.emp_no' which is not functionally dependent on columns in GROUP BY clause; this is incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by

其中 employee 的表结构为：

mysql> DESCRIBE employees;
+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field      | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| emp_no     | int(11)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| birth_date | date          | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| first_name | varchar(14)   | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| last_name  | varchar(16)   | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| gender     | enum('M','F') | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| hire_date  | date          | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

原因

SQL 标准中不允许 SELECT 列表，HAVING 条件语句，或 ORDER BY 语句中出现 GROUP BY 中未列表的可聚合列。而 MySQL 中有一个状态 ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY 来标识是否遵从这一标准，默认为开启状态。

所以这样的语句是不可以的，

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