Django rest framework（4）----版本

版本

新建一个工程Myproject和一个app名为api

（1）api/models.py

from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    USER_TYPE = (

        (1,'普通用户'),

        (2,'VIP'),

        (3,'SVIP')

    )

    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=USER_TYPE)

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    roles = models.ManyToManyField('Role')

class UserToken(models.Model):

    user = models.OneToOneField('UserInfo',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class UserGroup(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Role(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

（2）Myproject/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [

    #path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('api/',include('api.urls') ),

]

（3）api/urls.py

# api/urls.py

from django.urls import path

from .views import UserView

urlpatterns = [

    path('users/', UserView.as_view()),

]

（4）views.py

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning

class UserView(APIView):

    versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        #获取版本

        print(request.version)

        return HttpResponse('用户列表')

（5）settings.py

#版本

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

    "DEFAULT_VERSION":'v1',               #默认的版本

    "ALLOWED_VERSIONS":['v1','v2'],       #允许的版本

    "VERSION_PARAM":'version'             #GET方式url中参数的名字  ?version=xxx

}

1.url中通过GET传参

QueryParameterVersioning用于去GET参数中取version

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/?version=v2

后台可以看到当前的版本

如果url中没有传版本参数，则显示默认的版本（"DEFAULT_VERSION":'v1'）

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/

如果url传的版本超过settings中的允许范围则报错

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/users/?version=v3

2.在URLPATH中获取

（1）修改api/urls.py

通常情况我门应该用URLPATH的方式，而不是用前面GET()传参方式

url里面通过正则表达式定义哪些版本,

# api/urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path

from .views import UserView

urlpatterns = [

    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/', UserView.as_view()),

]

（2）views.py

URLPathVersioning:去url路径里面获取版本

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning

class UserView(APIView):

    versioning_class = URLPathVersioning

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        #获取版本

        print(request.version)

        return HttpResponse('用户列表')

这个URLPathVersioning我们可以放到settings里面，全局配置，就不用写到views里面，每个类都要写一遍了

settings.py

# 版本

# REST_FRAMEWORK = {

#     "DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",

#     "DEFAULT_VERSION":'v1',               #默认的版本

#     "ALLOWED_VERSIONS":['v1','v2'],       #允许的版本

#     "VERSION_PARAM":'version'             #get方式url中参数的名字  ?version=xxx

# }

#全局

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

    "DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",

}

修改views.py

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.request import Request

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        #获取版本

        print(request.version)

        return HttpResponse('用户列表')

浏览器访问地址

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/users/

然后后台拿到版本信息

3.反向解析访问的url

（1）api/urls.py

添加name = 'api_user'

# api/urls.py

from django.urls import path,re_path

from .views import UserView

urlpatterns = [

    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/', UserView.as_view(),name = 'api_user'),

]

（2）views.py

# api/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.request import Request

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        #获取版本

        print(request.version)

        #获取处理版本的对象

        print(request.versioning_scheme)

        #获取浏览器访问的url，reverse反向解析

        #需要两个参数：viewname就是url中的别名，request=request是url中要传入的参数

        #(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/，这里本来需要传version的参数，但是version包含在request里面（源码里面可以看到），所有只需要request=request就可以

        url_path = request.versioning_scheme.reverse(viewname='api_user',request=request)

        print(url_path)

        # self.dispatch

        return HttpResponse('用户列表')

浏览器访问

http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/users/

后台获取

源码流程

（1）dispatch

 def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        """

        `.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,

        but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.

        """

        self.args = args

        self.kwargs = kwargs

        #对原始request进行加工，丰富了一些功能

        #Request(

        #     request,

        #     parsers=self.get_parsers(),

        #     authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),

        #     negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),

        #     parser_context=parser_context

        # )

        #request(原始request,[BasicAuthentications对象，])

        #获取原生request,request._request

        #获取认证类的对象，request.authticators

        #1.封装request

        request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)

        self.request = request

        self.headers = self.default_response_headers  # deprecate?

        try:

            #2.认证

            self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)

            # Get the appropriate handler method

            if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:

                handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),

                                  self.http_method_not_allowed)

            else:

                handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

            response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

        except Exception as exc:

            response = self.handle_exception(exc)

        self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)

        return self.response

（2）initial

    def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        """

        Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.

        """

        self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)

        # Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request

        neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)

        request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg

        # Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.

        #request.version获取版本信息

        #request.versioning_scheme获取处理版本你的对象

        version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)

        request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme

        # Ensure that the incoming request is permitted

        #4.实现认证

        self.perform_authentication(request)

        #5.权限判断

        self.check_permissions(request)

        #6.控制访问频率

        self.check_throttles(request)

（3）determine_version

 def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        """

        If versioning is being used, then determine any API version for the

        incoming request. Returns a two-tuple of (version, versioning_scheme)

        """

        if self.versioning_class is None:

            return (None, None)

        scheme = self.versioning_class()

        return (scheme.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs), scheme)

（4）versioning_class

URLPathVersioning源码

class URLPathVersioning(BaseVersioning):

    """

    To the client this is the same style as `NamespaceVersioning`.

    The difference is in the backend - this implementation uses

    Django's URL keyword arguments to determine the version.

    An example URL conf for two views that accept two different versions.

    urlpatterns = [

        url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/$', users_list, name='users-list'),

        url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', users_detail, name='users-detail')

    ]

    GET /1.0/something/ HTTP/1.1

    Host: example.com

    Accept: application/json

    """

    invalid_version_message = _('Invalid version in URL path.')

    def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        version = kwargs.get(self.version_param, self.default_version)

        if not self.is_allowed_version(version):

            raise exceptions.NotFound(self.invalid_version_message)

        return version

    def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra):

        if request.version is not None:

            kwargs = {} if (kwargs is None) else kwargs

            kwargs[self.version_param] = request.version

        return super(URLPathVersioning, self).reverse(

            viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra

        )

可以看到

（1）url配置

（2）determine_version

里面有个is_allowed_version，点进去可以看到一些基本参数（继承BaseVersioning基类）

class BaseVersioning(object):

    #默认的版本

    default_version = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSION

    #允许的版本

    allowed_versions = api_settings.ALLOWED_VERSIONS

    #默认参数（是version，比如你可以自定义为v）

    version_param = api_settings.VERSION_PARAM

    def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        msg = '{cls}.determine_version() must be implemented.'

        raise NotImplementedError(msg.format(

            cls=self.__class__.__name__

        ))

    def reverse(self, viewname, args=None, kwargs=None, request=None, format=None, **extra):

        return _reverse(viewname, args, kwargs, request, format, **extra)

    def is_allowed_version(self, version):

        if not self.allowed_versions:

            return True

        return ((version is not None and version == self.default_version) or

                (version in self.allowed_versions))