使用SQL语句查询表及表字段类型说明

今天突然遇到有人要数据库表及表字段说明，数据库表太多又不能一个个表去找，就想想SQL是否能直接查询出来。

经过查询资料，加上一些自己的一些调整写了一个sql语句，在此记录一下，以方便日后查找使用。

SELECT  ( CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name
               ELSE ''
          END ) N'表名' ,
        ( CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN ISNULL(h.value, '')
               ELSE ''
          END ) N'表说明' ,
        a.colorder N'字段序号' ,
        a.name N'字段名' ,
        ( CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√'
               ELSE ''
          END ) N'标识' ,
        ( CASE WHEN ( SELECT    COUNT(*)
                      FROM      sysobjects
                      WHERE     name IN (
                                SELECT  name
                                FROM    sysindexes
                                WHERE   id = a.id
                                        AND indid IN (
                                        SELECT  indid
                                        FROM    sysindexkeys
                                        WHERE   id = a.id
                                                AND colid IN (
                                                SELECT  colid
                                                FROM    syscolumns
                                                WHERE   id = a.id
                                                        AND name = a.name ) ) )
                                AND xtype = 'PK'
                    ) > 0 THEN '√'
               ELSE ''
          END ) N'主键' ,
        b.name N'类型' ,
        a.length N'占用字节数' ,
        COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS N'长度' ,
        ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS N'小数位数' ,
        ( CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√'
               ELSE ''
          END ) N'允许空' ,
        ISNULL(e.text, '') N'默认值' ,
        ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS N'字段说明'
FROM    sys.syscolumns a
        LEFT JOIN sys.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype
        INNER JOIN sys.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id
                                       AND d.xtype = 'U'
                                       AND d.name <> 'dtproperties'
        LEFT JOIN sys.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id
        LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id
                                               AND a.colid = g.minor_id
												--AND g.name='MS_Description'
        LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties h ON h.major_id = a.id
                                               AND h.minor_id = 0
                                               AND h.name = 'MS_Description'  --表扩展属性 名称
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(a.id) ,
        a.colorder;

补充一些表及表及字段描述增删改SQL操作语句：

--表（Department）

/******添加********/
--为表添加描述信息
execute sys.sp_addextendedproperty N'MS_Description',N'部门表',N'Schema',N'dbo',N'table',N'Department',null,null
go
--为字段添加描述信息
execute sys.sp_addextendedproperty N'MS_Description',N'部门表ID',N'Schema',N'dbo',N'table',N'Department',N'column',N'D_Remark'
go
/******添加********/

/******修改********/
--把表 Department 的扩展属性（表的描述）原值 ‘部门表’改为 ‘部门表测试修改’
execute sp_updateextendedproperty N'MS_Description',N'部门表测试修改',N'Schema',N'dbo',N'table',N'Department',null,null

--把表 Department 的列 D_Remark 的扩展属性（列的描述）原值 ‘部门描述’改为 ‘部门详细描述’
execute sp_updateextendedproperty N'MS_Description',N'部门详细描述',N'Schema',N'dbo',N'table',N'Department',N'column',N'D_Remark'
/******修改********/

/******删除********/
--删除表 Department 的扩展属性（表的描述）
execute sp_dropextendedproperty N'MS_Description',N'Schema',N'dbo',N'table',N'Department',null,null

--删除表 Department 的列 D_Remark 的扩展属性（列的描述）
execute sp_dropextendedproperty N'MS_Description',N'Schema',N'dbo',N'table',N'Department',N'column',N'D_Remark'
/******删除********/