Mock&Spring集成

Mock&Spring集成#

常规Mock单元测试##

请参考上一篇文档Mock

mock框架的功能性对比##

http://jmockit.github.io/MockingToolkitComparisonMatrix.html

从模拟支持特性上做了详细的对比，比如是否支持模拟static、构造函数等等。

集成测试##

大部分Web应用项目基于Spring平台构建，集成测试主要关注点是Junit+Spring+Mock集成!

从Spring项目2.x开始就有基于Junit的测试辅助包(Spring-test)！

重点关注引入Mock框架后Spring与其集成！

温馨提示：Jmockit作为本文代码示例的模拟框架，其它模拟选型框架的测试结果直接作为结论。

关注点##

Mock测试框架是否能够和Spring完美集成？

• 版本&升级(mock框架版本和Spring版本是否完全兼容，无包冲突，是否可升级，比如Spring从2.x->3.x->4.x)
• 内容&特性(mock框架提供的各种模拟策略特性能否和Spring-test提供的各种测试支持类兼容)

基于Spring的测试点##

虚拟机运行环境版本: 1.7.0_60

1）基础包版本：

• Spring：2.5.6/3.x.x/4.x.x, Junit:4.x

2）Mock选型：

• Mockito:1.9.5, PowerMock-mockito-*: 1.5.5
• Jmock：2.6.0
• Jmockit：1.14

3）模拟测试用例

• 模拟Spring单例bean方法
• 模拟静态方法调用

备注：实际测试是分开多个测试Demo，spring+mockito

示例代码##

UserService，StaticUserService，UserAction类请参考上一篇文档Mock

静态公共方法模拟###

package jmockit;

import mockit.NonStrictExpectations;
import mockit.Verifications;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.wit.service.StaticUserService;
import org.wit.service.UserAction;

public class MockForPublicStaticDemo {

    @Test
    public void demo() {
        new NonStrictExpectations(StaticUserService.class) {
            {
                StaticUserService.sayHello(anyString);
                result = "mock";
            }
        };

        // assertEquals("mock", StaticUserService.sayHello("real"));
        UserAction userAction = new UserAction();
        userAction.executeForPublicStatic1("real");

        new Verifications() {
            {
                StaticUserService.sayHello(anyString);
                times = 1;
            }
        };
    }
}

Spring Singleton Bean方法模拟###

package jmockit;

import mockit.NonStrictExpectations;
import mockit.Verifications;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.wit.service.StaticUserService;
import org.wit.service.UserAction;
import org.wit.service.UserService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class MockForSpringJunitDemo {

    @Autowired
    private UserAction userAction;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void demo() throws Exception {
        new NonStrictExpectations(StaticUserService.class) {
            {
                StaticUserService.sayHello(anyString);
                result = "mock";
            }
        };

        userAction.executeForPublicStatic1("real");

        new Verifications() {
            {
                StaticUserService.sayHello(anyString);
                times = 1;
            }
        };

    }

    /**
     *
     * <pre>
     * 模拟bean的方法.
     * UserService sayHello模拟调用, sayHi为真实调用.
     * </pre>
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void beanDemo() throws Exception{
        new NonStrictExpectations(userService) {
            {
                userService.sayHello(anyString);
                result = "mock";
            }
        };

        userAction.executeForPublic("hi");

        new Verifications() {
            {
                userService.sayHello(anyString);
                times = 1;
            }
        };

    }
}

静态私有方法模拟###

package jmockit;

import static mockit.Deencapsulation.invoke;
import mockit.Expectations;
import mockit.Verifications;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.wit.service.StaticUserService;
import org.wit.service.UserAction;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class MockForSpringJunitPrivateStaticDemo {

    @Autowired
    private UserAction userAction;

    @Test
    public void demo() throws Exception {

        new Expectations(StaticUserService.class) {
            {
                invoke(StaticUserService.class, "secreteSayHi", anyString);
                invoke(StaticUserService.class, "secreteSayHello", anyString);
                result = "mock";
            }

        };

        userAction.executeForPrivateStatic("real");

        new Verifications() {
            {
                invoke(StaticUserService.class, "secreteSayHi", anyString);
                times = 1;
                invoke(StaticUserService.class, "secreteSayHello", anyString);
                times = 1;
            }
        };
    }

}

结论##

方案：Mockito:1.9.5, PowerMock-mockito-*: 1.5.5

• Spring-test 3.x以上版本启用了新测试基类，并提供新的测试运行器(SpringJunit4ClassRunner.class), 它会和PowerMock提供的测试运行器(PowerMockRunner.class)产生冲突，如果选择PowerMockRunner会导致找不到Spring配置文件的错误发生；
• Spring-test 2.5.6的测试基类AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests和PowerMock兼容，但此类在Spring3.x之后的版本中过时。
• 采用官方提供的PowerMockRule会产生虚拟机崩溃的错误详细日志见下文

2015-11-27 15:58:48,015 INFO  context.TestContextManager - Could not instantiate TestExecutionListener class [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener]. Specify custom listener classes or make the default listener classes (and their dependencies) available.
2015-11-27 15:58:48,019 INFO  context.TestContextManager - Could not instantiate TestExecutionListener class [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener]. Specify custom listener classes or make the default listener classes (and their dependencies) available.
2015-11-27 15:58:48,112 INFO  xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
2015-11-27 15:58:48,191 INFO  support.GenericApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@361fc5a2: startup date [Fri Nov 27 15:58:48 GMT+08:00 2015]; root of context hierarchy
#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
#  EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x000000000291e2ba, pid=15700, tid=14928
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_60-b13) (build 1.7.0_60-ea-b13)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.60-b09 mixed mode windows-amd64 compressed oops)
# Problematic frame:
# j  java.lang.reflect.ReflectAccess.copyField(Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;)Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;+1
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# D:\workspace\workspace-demos\mockito\hs_err_pid15700.log
Compiled method (c2)     861   16             java.lang.Object::<init> (1 bytes)
 total in heap  [0x0000000002969310,0x0000000002969540] = 560
 relocation     [0x0000000002969430,0x0000000002969440] = 16
 main code      [0x0000000002969440,0x00000000029694c0] = 128
 stub code      [0x00000000029694c0,0x00000000029694d8] = 24
 oops           [0x00000000029694d8,0x00000000029694e0] = 8
 scopes data    [0x00000000029694e0,0x00000000029694f0] = 16
 scopes pcs     [0x00000000029694f0,0x0000000002969520] = 48
 dependencies   [0x0000000002969520,0x0000000002969528] = 8
 handler table  [0x0000000002969528,0x0000000002969540] = 24
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
#   http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
#

方案： Jmock：2.6.0，Jmockit：1.14

• Jmock&Jmockit在测试运行器上选择Spring的测试运行器，和Spring各个版本兼容良好。
• 模拟Spring 单例Bean的方法和静态方法都能正常模拟，请关注静态私有方法和公共方法的差异。

QA##