快速地从Redhat系转Ubuntu系

ubuntu官网的，https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora

省得自己去总结了，直接贴过来，备用。

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SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora

Administrative Tasks
Package Management
Graphical Tools
Command Line Tools
Table of Equivalent Commands
Services
Graphical Tools
Command Line Tools
Network
Graphical Tools
Command Line Tools
It is easy to apply your existing knowledge of Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora to Ubuntu. The key differences between them are covered in this article.

Administrative Tasks
In Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora by default, each administrative user needs to know the root password, in addition to their own password.

In Ubuntu, each user only has one password. Users in the admin group can run command line and graphical applications with elevated privileges. Graphical admin tools prompt for this password when run, and command line tools can be run with root-privileges using sudo.

Package Management
Ubuntu has more packages available than Fedora, so you'll have a better chance of finding what you want in the repositories. As with Fedora, graphical applications will put a link into the Applications menu.

Graphical Tools

The Synaptic package Manager is an excellent tool for finding, fetching and installing packages. Press System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager to start Synaptic.

Command Line Tools

Ubuntu uses apt-get instead of yum, up2date and so on to find, download, and install packages and their dependencies.

Note that, unlike yum, apt-get is only for packages available in repositories - it cannot handle packages you have already downloaded. The dpkg command is used instead.

Table of Equivalent Commands

Below is a table of equivalent commands for package management on both Ubuntu/Debian and Red Hat/Fedora systems.

Task

Red Hat/Fedora

Ubuntu

Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages

Refresh list of available packages

Yum refreshes each time it's used

apt-get update

Install a package from a repository

yum install package_name

apt-get install package_name

Install a package file

yum install package.rpm
rpm -i package.rpm

dpkg --install package.deb

Remove a package

rpm -e package_name

apt-get remove package_name

Remove a package with configuration files

yum remove package_name

apt-get purge package_name

Check for package upgrades

yum check-update

apt-get -s upgrade
apt-get -s dist-upgrade

Upgrade packages

yum update
rpm -Uvh [args]

apt-get upgrade

Upgrade the entire system

yum upgrade

apt-get dist-upgrade

Package Information

Get information about an available package

yum search package_name

apt-cache search package_name

Show available packages

yum list available

apt-cache dumpavail

List all installed packages

yum list installed
rpm -qa

dpkg --list

Get information about a package

yum info package_name

apt-cache show package_name

Get information about an installed package

rpm -qi package_name

dpkg --status package_name

List files in an installed package

rpm -ql package_name

dpkg --listfiles package_name

List documentation files in an installed package

rpm -qd package_name

List configuration files in an installed package

rpm -qc package_name

dpkg-query --show -f '${Conffiles}\n' package_name

Show the packages a given package depends on

rpm -qR package_name

apt-cache depends

Show other packages that depend on a
given package (reverse dependency)

rpm -q --whatrequires [args]

apt-cache rdepends

Package File Information

Get information about a package file

rpm -qpi package.rpm

dpkg --info package.deb

List files in a package file

rpm -qpl package.rpm

dpkg --contents package.deb

List documentation files in a package file

rpm -qpd package.rpm

List configuration files in a package file

rpm -qpc package.rpm

Extract files in a package

rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -vid

dpkg-deb --extract package.deb dir-to-extract-to

Find package that installed a file

rpm -qf filename

dpkg --search filename

Find package that provides a particular file

yum provides filename

apt-file search filename

Misc. Packaging System Tools

Show stats about the package cache

apt-cache stats

Verify all installed packages

rpm -Va

debsums

Remove packages from the local cache directory

yum clean packages

apt-get clean

Remove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory

apt-get autoclean

Remove header files from the local cache directory
(forcing a new download of same on next use)

yum clean headers

apt-file purge

General Packaging System Information

Package file extension

*.rpm

*.deb

Repository location configuration

/etc/yum.conf

/etc/apt/sources.list

Some of the information in this table was derived (with permission) from APT and RPM Packager Lookup Tables.

More technical information about Debian-style packaging can be found in Basics of the Debian package management system and the Debian New Maintainers' Guide.

Services
Services on Ubuntu are managed in a broadly similar way to those on Red Hat.

Graphical Tools

Services can be configured by clicking System -> Administration -> Services. A tool called Boot-Up Manager is also available.

Command Line Tools

Below is a table of example commands for managing services. The apache/httpd service is used as an example.

Task

Red Hat / Fedora

Ubuntu

Ubuntu
(with sysv-rc-conf or sysvconfig)

Starting/stopping services immediately

service httpd start

invoke-rc.d apache start

service apache start

Enabling a service at boot

chkconfig httpd on

update-rc.d apache defaults

sysv-rc-conf apache on

Disabling a service at boot

chkconfig httpd off

update-rc.d apache purge

sysv-rc-conf apache off

Note: Whereas Red Hat and Fedora servers boot into runlevel 3 by default, Ubuntu servers default to runlevel 2.

Note: The service and invoke-rc.d commands call init scripts to do the actual work. You can also start and stop services by doing e.g. /etc/init.d/apache start on Ubuntu, or /etc/init.d/httpd start on Red Hat/Fedora.

Network
Graphical Tools

Fedora/RHEL have system-config-network, ubuntu pre 10.04 had gnome-nettool to edit static ip address, since 10.04 nm-connection-editor is the best choice. For Ubuntu 10.04 Studio there is only manual editing of files since NetworkMontor is not included

Command Line Tools

• ubuntu networking for basic and advanced users