3、Django实战第3天：数据建模

users modesl.py设计

UserProfile	用户信息
EmailVerifyRecord	验证码
Banner	轮播图

之前我们生成了Django默认的数据表，里面有张表示auth-user

mysql> desc auth_user;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| password     | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_login   | datetime(6)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| is_superuser | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| username     | varchar(30)  | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
| first_name   | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name    | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email        | varchar(254) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_staff     | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_active    | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| date_joined  | datetime(6)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

根据项目的需求，这些字段无法满足，因此我们还需要添加一些字段；编辑apps.users.models.py 新建一张表继承auth-user表

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser  #导入auth-user表模块

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='昵称', default='')
    birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name='生日', null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(('male', '男'),('female', '女')), default='female')
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='image/%Y/%m', default='image/default.png', max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

因为上面我们使用到了imageField字段类型，但是imageField字段依赖于Pillow

(mxonline) C:\Users\user>pip install pillow

修改settings.py，设置用户认证模型为我们新建的UserProfile

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'    #MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES行上面添加此行

同步数据表到数据库

manage.py@mxonline > makemigrations users
manage.py@mxonline > migrate users    #中途需要确认，输入yes

进入数据库查看表users_userprofile

mysql> desc users_userprofile ;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| password     | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_login   | datetime(6)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| is_superuser | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| username     | varchar(30)  | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
| first_name   | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name    | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email        | varchar(254) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_staff     | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_active    | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| date_joined  | datetime(6)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| nick_name    | varchar(50)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| birthday     | date         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| gender       | varchar(6)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| address      | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| mobile       | varchar(11)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| image        | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

apps.users.models.py再加上两张表

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser  # 导入auth-user表模块
from datetime import datetime

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='昵称', default='')
    birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name='生日', null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(('male', '男'), ('female', '女')), default='female')
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='image/%Y/%m', default='image/default.png', max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
    code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='验证码')
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name='邮箱')
    send_type = models.CharField(choices=(('register', '注册'), ('forget', '找回密码'),('hmail', '修改邮箱')), max_length=10, verbose_name='发送类型')
    send_time = models.DateField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='发送时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '邮箱验证码'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return '{0}({1})'.format(self.code, self.email)

class Banner(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner/%Y/%m', verbose_name='轮播图', max_length=100)
    url = models.URLField(max_length=200, verbose_name='访问地址')
    index = models.IntegerField(default=100, verbose_name='顺序')
    add_time = models.DateField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '轮播图'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

　　

最后执行，同步命令同步到数据库

manage.py@mxonline > makemigrations users
manage.py@mxonline > migrate users

organization modesl.py设计

CourseOrg	课程机构
Teacher	教师
CityDict	城市

编辑apps.organization.models.py

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime

class CityDict(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='城市名')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='描述')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '城市'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class CourseOrg(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='机构名称')
    desc = models.TextField(verbose_name='机构描述')
    category = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='jg', choices=(('jg', '机构'), ('gr', '个人'), ('gx', '高校')),
                                verbose_name='机构类别')
    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='点击数')
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='收藏数')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='organization/%Y/%m', verbose_name='封面图', max_length=100)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name='机构地址', blank=True)
    city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict, verbose_name='所在城市')
    students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='学习人数')
    course_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='课程数')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程机构'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def get_teracher_nums(self):
        """获取教师数"""
        return self.teacher_set.count()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Teacher(models.Model):
    org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg, verbose_name='所属机构')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='教师名')
    age = models.ImageField(default=18, verbose_name='年龄')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='teacher/%Y/%m', verbose_name='头像', max_length=100)
    work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='工作年限')
    work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='就职公司')
    work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='公司职位')
    points = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='教学特点')
    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='点击数')
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='收藏数')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '教师'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

---

courses models.py设计

Course	课程信息
Lesson	章节信息
Vdeo	视频
CourseResource	课程资源

编辑apps.courses.models.py

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime
from organization.models import CourseOrg

class Course(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='课程名')
    course_org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg, verbose_name='课程机构')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=300, verbose_name='课程描述')
    details = models.TextField(verbose_name='课程详情')
    degree = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程难度', choices=(('cj', '初级'), ('zj', '中级'), ('gj', '高级')), max_length=2)
    learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='学习时长（分钟）')
    students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='学习人数')
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='收藏人数')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='courses/%Y/%m', verbose_name='封面图', max_length=100)
    click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='点击数')
    category = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='', verbose_name=u'课程类别')
    tag = models.CharField(max_length=10, default='', verbose_name=u'课程标签')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Lesson(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name='课程')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='章节名')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '章节'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Video(models.Model):
    lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson, verbose_name='章节')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='视频名')
    url = models.URLField(max_length=150, verbose_name='视频地址', null=True, blank=True)
    learn_times = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='学习时长（分钟数)')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '视频'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class CourseResource(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name='课程')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='名称')
    download = models.FileField(upload_to='course/resource/%Y/%m', verbose_name='资源文件', max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程资源'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

---

operation models.py设计

UserAsk	用户咨询
CourseComments	用户评论
UserFavorite	用户收藏
UserMessage	用户信息
UserCourse	用户学习的课程

编辑apps.operation.models.py

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime
from users.models import UserProfile
from courses.models import Course

class UserAsk(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='姓名')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='手机')
    course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='课程名')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户咨询'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class CourseComments(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name='用户')
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name='课程')
    comments = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='评论')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程评论'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

class UserFavorite(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name='用户')
    fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='数据id')
    fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, '课程'),(2, '机构'),(3, '讲师')), default=1, verbose_name='收藏类型')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户收藏'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

class UserMessage(models.Model):
    user = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='接收用户')
    message = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name='消息内容')
    has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否已读')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户消息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

class UserCourse(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name='用户')
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name='课程')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户课程'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

###同步###