[数据库/Linux]CentOS7安装MySQL Percona版(RPM方式)

OS: CentOS7 (x86_64)

MySQL: MySQL Percona 5.7.31-34

0 前置条件

• 已配置完成YUM源
• 已卸载先前可能安装的MySQL

rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
rpm -qa | grep -i percona

rpm -e  --nodeps xxxx.rpm

1 获得安装源

[方式1.1] 下载/上传/解压安装包

MySQL Percona-5.7 - Official

• Percona-Server-shared-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
• Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
• Percona-Server-client-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
• ...

(建议下载全包（bundle.tar），否则 容易出现各类依赖问题，较为费时费力)

假定:上传上述安装包(...-bundle.tar)至服务器 /opt/software/MySQL-Percona-57-Official-All/

[root@centos7-202010061038 ~]# cd  /opt/software/MySQL-Percona-57-Official-All

[root@centos7-202010061038 ]# tar -xvf /opt/software/MySQL-Percona-57-Official-All/Percona-Server-5.7.31-34-r2e68637-el6-x86_64-bundle.tar
Percona-Server-57-debuginfo-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-client-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-devel-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-rocksdb-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-shared-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-test-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-tokudb-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[方式1.2] 配置 MySQL Percona的YUM源

rpm -Uvh https://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-6/percona-release-0.1-6.noarch.rpm

更新过yum源后，会在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 下生成 percona-release.repo，如下图：

此时:

先查看有哪些可用MySQL Percona的安装包

yum list | grep percona

yum list | grep Percona-Server-server

2 安装依赖组件

(采用[方式1.1/1.2]的均可略过，尤其是[方式1.2]，方式1.1出依赖问题时，可再依次解决)

[下列命令 推荐 执行]
yum -y install libaio libaio-devel

[下列命令 可选 执行]
yum -y remove mariadb mariadb-libs python-cryptography python-pyasn1
yum -y install perl autoconf expect net-tools
yum -y install numactl numactl-devel

【解释1】依赖组件可避免的安装异常

[libaio]
安装此组件，可避免Percona-Server-server-*.rpm的依赖异常:
...
[ rpm -ivh Percona-Server-server-57*.rpm ] error: Failed dependencies:
	libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.24-27.1.el7.x86_64
	libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.24-27.1.el7.x86_64
	libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.24-27.1.el7.x86_64
...

[libsasl2.so.2]
安装此组件，可避免Percona-Server-server-*.rpm的依赖异常:
...
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.sonic.net
 * extras: mirror.lax.genesisadaptive.com
 * updates: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu
---> Package Percona-Server-shared-57.x86_64 0:5.7.31-34.1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64 (/Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64)
           Requires: libsasl2.so.2()(64bit)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
...

[libmysqlclient.so.18]
安装此组件，可避免Percona-Server-server-*.rpm的依赖异常:
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
  Installing : Percona-Server-shared-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/2
  Installing : Percona-Server-devel-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                   2/2
  Verifying  : Percona-Server-shared-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/2
  Verifying  : Percona-Server-devel-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                   2/2
Installed:
  Percona-Server-devel-57.x86_64 0:5.7.31-34.1.el6                                         Percona-Server-shared-57.x86_64 0:5.7.31-34.1.el6
Skipped (dependency problems):
  Percona-Server-client-57.x86_64 0:5.7.31-34.1.el6                                        Percona-Server-server-57.x86_64 0:5.7.31-34.1.el6
Complete!

2-1 依赖组件问题

可参见此文: [Linux]CentOS查看RPM包依赖问题 - 博客园/千千寰宇

【解释1】出现组件依赖问题时的解决办法/思路？

• 思路1: 【rpm方式】安装时去除依赖检查(--nodeps)，并强制安装(--force) | 【yum方式】跳过报错--skip-broken 或 --nogpgcheck (取消校验软件是否为官方发布)

rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps

yum localinstall --skip-broken ./*.rpm

yum (local)install --nogpgcheck Percona-Server-server-57-5.7.31-34.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

• 思路2: 根据报出的依赖异常，安装对应(版本)的依赖组件
  
  （涉及问题：如何查询、下载、安装依赖组件?）

• 思路3: 到其它服务器中拷贝同版本的依赖组件的安装包或文件
  
  (拷贝文件的方法未实测，不保证可行性)

• 思路4：修改软链接/组件文件版本。
  
  若服务器中已安装该依赖组件，但依赖组件版本(高于或)低于目标的组件版本，可使用此方式。

【解释2】如何查询/下载/安装依赖组件?

可参见此文: [Linux]CentOS查看RPM包依赖问题 - 博客园/千千寰宇

[root@centos7-202010061038 ~]# whereis libsasl2.so.2
libsasl2.so: /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3

[root@centos7-202010061038 ~]# ll /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Aug 24 17:37 /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.3 -> libsasl2.so.3.0.0

[root@centos7-202010061038 ~]# yum list installed | grep -i sasl
cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64               2.1.26-23.el7                     @CentOS   

[root@centos7-202010061038 ~]# yum deplist cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.sonic.net
 * extras: mirror.lax.genesisadaptive.com
 * updates: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu
package: cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 2.1.26-23.el7
  dependency: /sbin/ldconfig
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
   provider: glibc.i686 2.17-307.el7.1
  dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.15)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
  dependency: libcom_err.so.2()(64bit)
   provider: libcom_err.x86_64 1.42.9-17.el7
  dependency: libcrypt.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
  dependency: libdb-5.3.so()(64bit)
   provider: libdb.x86_64 5.3.21-25.el7
  dependency: libdl.so.2()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
  dependency: libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
  dependency: libgssapi_krb5.so.2()(64bit)
   provider: krb5-libs.x86_64 1.15.1-46.el7
  dependency: libk5crypto.so.3()(64bit)
   provider: krb5-libs.x86_64 1.15.1-46.el7
  dependency: libkrb5.so.3()(64bit)
   provider: krb5-libs.x86_64 1.15.1-46.el7
  dependency: libkrb5support.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: krb5-libs.x86_64 1.15.1-46.el7
  dependency: libresolv.so.2()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
  dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-307.el7.1
   provider: glibc.i686 2.17-307.el7.1

[root@centos7-202010061038 ~]# rpm -qR cyrus-sasl-lib
/sbin/ldconfig
/sbin/ldconfig
libanonymous.so.3()(64bit)
libc.so.6()(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.15)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit)
libcom_err.so.2()(64bit)
libcrypt.so.1()(64bit)
libdb-5.3.so()(64bit)
libdl.so.2()(64bit)
libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libgssapi_krb5.so.2()(64bit)
libk5crypto.so.3()(64bit)
libkrb5.so.3()(64bit)
libkrb5support.so.0()(64bit)
libresolv.so.2()(64bit)
libsasl2.so.3()(64bit)
libsasldb.so.3()(64bit)
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rtld(GNU_HASH)
rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1

可在下列Linux安装包资源网站中【查询/下载】是否存在对应版本的依赖组件包

• http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php - rpmfind.net
• https://pkgs.org/search/?q= - pkgs.org

下载/安装 libsasl 的安装包(libsasl2-2.1.27-2.i686.rpm或cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.23-15.el6_6.2.i686.rpm)

rpm -ivh xxx.rpm

3 安装数据库

[方式1.1]的安装命令

方式3.1.1 rpm -i

cd /opt/software/MySQL-Percona-57-Official-All
rpm -ivh *.rpm     或     rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps

rpm参数： i表示安装，U表示升级，v表示显示安装过程，h表示显示进度， --nodeps表示忽略依赖

方式3.1.2 yum localinstall

cd /opt/software/MySQL-Percona-57-Official-All
yum localinstall ./*.rpm

[方式1.2]的安装命令

yum install -y Percona-Server-shared-57.x86_64
yum install -y Percona-Server-devel-57.x86_64
yum install -y Percona-Server-client-57.x86_64

yum install -y Percona-Server-server-57.x86_64 或 yum install -y Percona-Server-server-57.x86_64 --nogpgcheck

4 初始化数据库

• step0 启动数据库，并配置开机启动

service mysql start 或 systemctl start mysql
service mysqld start 或 systemctl start mysqld

chkconfig --add mysql 或 systemctl enabled mysql
chkconfig --add mysqld 或 systemctl enabled mysqld

【注】mysql VS mysqld

mysql(客户端 / SQL命令行工具 / 交互式输入SQL语句或从文件以批处理模式执行它们的命令行工具)

mysqld(服务端 / mysql daemon / MySQL守护服务进程，常驻于后台)

【注】查看服务器中的开机自启服务

[centos7] systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled

[centos6] chkconfig --list

• step1 获取数据库root用户初始密码

# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep "temporary password"
2020-10-12T09:29:04.877106Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: e5vwDiI-;nOM

• step2 修改root用户密码

# pwd_str=123456
# root_passwd="'"$pwd_str"'"
# tmp_pwd_str=`cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep "temporary password"`
# tmp_pwd=${tmp_pwd_str##*: }

# mysql -uroot -p${tmp_pwd} --connect-expired-password <<EOF
create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY $root_passwd;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
EOF

• step3 设置innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
  
  [本步骤可忽略]

mysql -uroot -p$pwd_str -e "set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0;"
mysql -uroot -p$pwd_str -e "set global innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1;"

• END Over!

rpm -ivh Percona-Server-shared-57-*.rpm Percona-Server-server-57-*.rpm Percona-Server-client-57-*.rpm

X 推荐文献

• Centos7安装Percona5.7 - 博客园
• percona5.7 源码安装 - 博客园
• CentOS7上安装 percona 数据库3 主架构 - CSDN
• mysql5.7初始化密码报错 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before - CSDN