centos：开启和关闭selinux

5.4. Enabling and Disabling SELinux

Use the /usr/sbin/getenforce or /usr/sbin/sestatus commands to check the status of SELinux. Thegetenforce command returns Enforcing, Permissive, or Disabled. The getenforce command returnsEnforcing when SELinux is enabled (SELinux policy rules are enforced):

$ /usr/sbin/getenforce
Enforcing

The getenforce command returns Permissive when SELinux is enabled, but SELinux policy rules are not enforced, and only DAC rules are used. The getenforce command returns Disabled if SELinux is disabled.

The sestatus command returns the SELinux status and the SELinux policy being used:

$ /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /selinux
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          enforcing
Policy version:                 23
Policy from config file:        targeted

SELinux status: enabled is returned when SELinux is enabled. Current mode: enforcing is returned when SELinux is running in enforcing mode. Policy from config file: targeted is returned when the SELinux targeted policy is used.

5.4.1. Enabling SELinux

On systems with SELinux disabled, the SELINUX=disabled option is configured in /etc/selinux/config:

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#       disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#       targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#       mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

Also, the getenforce command returns Disabled:

$ /usr/sbin/getenforce
Disabled

To enable SELinux:

1. Use the rpm -qa | grep selinux, rpm -q policycoreutils, and rpm -qa | grep setroubleshootcommands to confirm that the SELinux packages are installed. This guide assumes the following packages are installed: selinux-policy-targeted, selinux-policy, libselinux, libselinux-python, libselinux-utils, policycoreutils,setroubleshoot, setroubleshoot-server, setroubleshoot-plugins. If these packages are not installed, as the Linux root user, install them via the yum install package-name command. The following packages are optional:policycoreutils-gui, setroubleshoot, selinux-policy-devel, and mcstrans.

2. Before SELinux is enabled, each file on the file system must be labeled with an SELinux context. Before this happens, confined domains may be denied access, preventing your system from booting correctly. To prevent this, configure SELINUX=permissive in /etc/selinux/config:

   # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
   # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
   #       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
   #       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
   #       disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
   SELINUX=permissive
   # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
   #       targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
   #       mls - Multi Level Security protection.
   SELINUXTYPE=targeted

3. As the Linux root user, run the reboot command to restart the system. During the next boot, file systems are labeled. The label process labels all files with an SELinux context:

   *** Warning -- SELinux targeted policy relabel is required.
   *** Relabeling could take a very long time, depending on file
   *** system size and speed of hard drives.
   ****

   Each * character on the bottom line represents 1000 files that have been labeled. In the above example, four* characters represent 4000 files have been labeled. The time it takes to label all files depends upon the number of files on the system, and the speed of the hard disk drives. On modern systems, this process can take as little as 10 minutes.

4. In permissive mode, SELinux policy is not enforced, but denials are still logged for actions that would have been denied if running in enforcing mode. Before changing to enforcing mode, as the Linux root user, run thegrep "SELinux is preventing" /var/log/messages command as the Linux root user to confirm that SELinux did not deny actions during the last boot. If SELinux did not deny actions during the last boot, this command does not return any output. Refer to Chapter 7, Troubleshooting for troubleshooting information if SELinux denied access during boot.

5. If there were no denial messages in /var/log/messages, configure SELINUX=enforcing in/etc/selinux/config:

   # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
   # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
   #       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
   #       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
   #       disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
   SELINUX=enforcing
   # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
   #       targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
   #       mls - Multi Level Security protection.
   SELINUXTYPE=targeted

6. Reboot your system. After reboot, confirm that the getenforce command returns Enforcing:

   $ /usr/sbin/getenforce
   Enforcing

7. As the Linux root user, run the /usr/sbin/semanage login -l command to view the mapping between SELinux and Linux users. The output should be as follows:

   Login Name                SELinux User              MLS/MCS Range
   
   __default__               unconfined_u              s0-s0:c0.c1023
   root                      unconfined_u              s0-s0:c0.c1023
   system_u                  system_u                  s0-s0:c0.c1023

If this is not the case, run the following commands as the Linux root user to fix the user mappings. It is safe to ignore the SELinux-user username is already defined warnings if they occur, where username can beunconfined_u, guest_u, or xguest_u:

• /usr/sbin/semanage user -a -S targeted -P user -R "unconfined_r system_r" -r s0-s0:c0.c1023 unconfined_u

• /usr/sbin/semanage login -m -S targeted -s "unconfined_u" -r s0-s0:c0.c1023 __default__

• /usr/sbin/semanage login -m -S targeted -s "unconfined_u" -r s0-s0:c0.c1023 root

• /usr/sbin/semanage user -a -S targeted -P user -R guest_r guest_u

• /usr/sbin/semanage user -a -S targeted -P user -R xguest_r xguest_u

5.4.2. Disabling SELinux

To disable SELinux, configure SELINUX=disabled in /etc/selinux/config:

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#       disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#       targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#       mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

Reboot your system. After reboot, confirm that the getenforce command returns Disabled:

$ /usr/sbin/getenforce
Disabled

注：本文来自：http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Security-Enhanced_Linux/sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Working_with_SELinux-Enabling_and_Disabling_SELinux.html