使用Selenium模拟浏览器抓取淘宝商品美食信息

代码:

import re

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pymongo import MongoClient
from pymongo.errors import PyMongoError

url = 'http://www.taobao.com'
KEYWORD = '美食'

# monogdb配置信息
MONGO_HOST = "localhost"
MONGO_DATABASE = "taobao"
MONGO_TABLE = "meishi"
client = MongoClient(host=MONGO_HOST)
db = client[MONGO_DATABASE]

# PhantomJS 命令行相关配置
# 参见 http://phantomjs.org/api/command-line.html
SERVICE_ARGS = ['--disk-cache=true', '--load-images=false']

# driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # 有界面
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_args=SERVICE_ARGS)  # 无界面
delay = 10
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, delay)
# print('windows size', driver.get_window_size())
# PhantomJs()的浏览器窗口很小,宽高只有400 * 300
driver.maximize_window()  # 窗口最大化  # 对于PhantomJS来说设置窗口大小很关键，如果不设置，经常会出现问题
# driver.set_window_size(1920, 1080) # 设置浏览器窗口大小

# 模拟在淘宝网页中输入关键字搜索
def search():
    print("准备搜索 %s" % KEYWORD)
    try:
        driver.get(url)
        input_box = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input#q"))
        )
        search_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button')))
        input_box.send_keys(KEYWORD)
        search_btn.click()
        total_page_str = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.total'))).text
        total_page_num = int(re.search("(\d+)", total_page_str).group(1))
        item_list = get_goods_by_beautifulsoup()
        save_to_mongodb(item_list)
        return total_page_num
    except TimeoutError:
        print("搜索%s超时", KEYWORD)
        print("重新尝试搜索: %s", KEYWORD)
        search()

# 根据页码获取指定页数据，并将其保存到数据库中
def get_page(page_num):
    print("正在获取第%d页数据" % page_num)
    try:
        page_num_box = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.form > input")))
        ok_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.form > span.btn.J_Submit')))
        page_num_box.clear()
        page_num_box.send_keys(page_num)
        ok_btn.click()
        wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                 'li.item.active > span.num'),
                str(page_num)))
        item_list = get_goods_by_beautifulsoup()
        save_to_mongodb(item_list)
    except TimeoutException:
        print("请求第%d页失败" % page_num)
        print("尝试重新获取第%d页" % page_num)
        return get_page(page_num)

def get_goods_by_pyquery():
    '''
    通过pyquery库解析数据
    获取商品的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置
    '''
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item")))
    html = driver.page_source

    doc = pq(html)
    items = list(doc('#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item').items())
    for item in items:
        yield {
            # 不要用src属性,获取的图片地址很多是.gif图片，而非真实商品图片,
            'image': 'http://' + item.find('.J_ItemPic.img').attr('data-src'),
            'price': item.find('.price').text(),
            'title': item.find('.row > .J_ClickStat').text().strip(),
            'deal_cnt': item.find('.deal-cnt').text()[:-3],
            'shop': item.find('.shop').text(),
            'location': item.find('.location').text(),
        }

# 通过bs4解析数据
def get_goods_by_beautifulsoup():
    '''
    通过bs4库解析数据
    获取商品的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置
    '''
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item")))
    html = driver.page_source

    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
    items = soup.select('#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item')
    for item in items:
        yield {
            'image': 'http:' + item.select('img.J_ItemPic.img')[0]['data-src'],
            'price': item.select('div.price.g_price.g_price-highlight')[0].get_text(strip=True),
            'title': item.select('div.row.row-2.title > a.J_ClickStat')[0].get_text(strip=True),
            'deal_cnt': item.select('div.deal-cnt')[0].text[:-3],
            'shop': item.select('div.shop > a')[0].get_text(strip=True),
            'location': item.select('div.location')[0].text,
        }

def save_to_mongodb(item_list):
    for item in item_list:
        try:
            db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(item)   # insert支持插入多条数据
            print("mongodb插入数据成功:", item)
        except PyMongoError as e:
            print("mongodb插入数据失败:", item, e)

# 获取淘宝美食的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置并将结果保存在mongodb数据库中
if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        total_pages = search()
        for page_num in range(2, total_pages + 1):
            get_page(page_num)
    except Exception as e:
        print("出错了", e)
    finally:  # 确保 浏览器能正常关闭
        driver.close()

备注:

PhantomJS无界面浏览器打开的窗口默认大小400*300, 往往不能将网页加载完全，会给提取数据造成很大的困难，因此需要指定窗口大小。

可以使用 maximize_window() 最大化窗口或者set_window_size()设置指定大小

可能会出现的异常:

raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message:
Screenshot: available via screen