用matplotlib绘制带误差的条形图及中英文字体设置

 #!/usr/bin/env python3

 ## 以下是一个带误差条的条形图的例子，演示了误差条形图的绘制及中英文字体设置
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib as mpl
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties as FP

 # %matplotlib inline
 # %config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'

 mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'] = False
 mpl.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (7.40, 5.55) # unit: inch
 mpl.rcParams['figure.frameon'] = False

 ## 中文设置
 # matplotlib默认不支持ttc，所以可以将ttc转换ttf先。
 # 将Windows字体 simsun.ttc上传到 https://transfonter.org/ttc-unpack 在线转换成TTF，
 # 得到simsun.ttf和nsimsun.ttf，将两个ttf文件放到PYTHON安装目录的
 # Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data\fonts\ttf 子目录下。
 # 删除字体缓存以便重新生成字体缓存：$HOME/.matplotlib/fontList.py3k.cache

 # 全局中文设置
 mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'sans-serif'
 mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'NSimSun,Times New Roman'

 # 局部中文：设置分别为中文和英文设置两个FontProperties，以便局部切换中英文字体
 cfp = FP('NSimSun', size=12)
 efp = FP('Times New Roman', size=12)

 fig,ax = plt.subplots()

 xticklabels = ('G1', 'G2', 'G3')
 ylabel = 'd'

 male_means = (9, 10, 9)
 male_std = (4.66, 3.52, 5.32)
 female_means = (12, 14, 12)
 female_std = (6.96, 5.46, 3.61)
 title = 'XX实验结果'

 N=3
 ind = np.arange(N)  # the x locations for the groups
 width = 0.35  # the width of the bars
 with plt.style.context(('ggplot')):
     rects1 = ax.bar(
         ind - 0.02, female_means, width, color='darkgrey', yerr=female_std)
     rects2 = ax.bar(
         ind + 0.02 + width,
         male_means,
         width,
         color='lightgrey',
         yerr=male_std)

     ax.set_ylabel('d', fontproperties=efp, rotation=0)
     # 在label、title中可用参数'fontproperties' 指定字体

     ax.yaxis.set_label_coords(-0.05, 0.95)
     ax.set_title(title)
     ax.set_xticks(ind + width / 2)

     ax.set_xticklabels(xticklabels, fontproperties=efp)

     ax.legend((rects1[0], rects2[0]), ('处理A', '处理B'), prop=cfp, framealpha=0)
     # 在legend中可用参数'prop'指定字体,注意不是'fontproperties'

     def autolabel(rects, yerr):
         """
         Attach a text label above each bar displaying its height
         """
         for i in range(0, N):
             rect = rects[i]
             height = rect.get_height()
             ax.text(
                 rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2.,
                 1.05 * height,
                 '%0.2f' % yerr[i],
                 ha='left',
                 va='bottom',
                 family='Georgia',
                 fontsize=9)
             #在text函数中可用family和fontsize指定字体

     autolabel(rects1, female_means)
     autolabel(rects2, male_means)

 ax.text(
     1,
    20,
     'Hello World',
     color = 'b',
     ha='left',
     va='bottom',
     fontproperties=efp)
 # 在text函数中也可用fontproperties指定字体

 fig.tight_layout()
 fig.savefig('filename.svg', format='svg')
 # 保存为矢量图svg格式，如需插入word，可以用inkscape软件将其转换成emf格式