Linux下Oracle11G数据备份恢复(RMAN)

1. 数据库安装参考步骤1--14

https://www.cnblogs.com/baixisuozai/p/17852235.html

#rman数据库备份脚本
#!/bin/bash

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export PATH=$PATH:HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE=/DataBase/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export bak_date=$(date '+%Y%m%d')
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export bak_dir=/DataBase/app/oracle/archive
export rman_log_dir=/DataBase/app/oracle/archive/rman_log

/DataBase/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/rman target / log=$rman_log_dir/$ORACLE_SID$bak_date.log  <<EOF
run{
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 4G;
BACKUP
FORMAT='$bak_dir/data_%U_%T.dbf'
DATABASE;
SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';
BACKUP
ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT='$bak_dir/arch_%U_%T.arc';
BACKUP SPFILE FORMAT '$bak_dir/spfile_%U_%T.ora';
BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE FORMAT '$bak_dir/ctl_%U_%T.ctl';
DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-7';
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;
CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED ARCHIVELOG ALL;
REPORT OBSOLETE;
delete force noprompt obsolete device type disk;
}
EXIT;
EOF

1. 创建初始pfile文件

$ vim init.umpay.ora
文件内容：
umpay.__java_pool_size=4194304
umpay.__large_pool_size=4194304
umpay.__oracle_base='/DataBase/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
umpay.__pga_aggregate_target=167772160
umpay.__sga_target=243269632
umpay.__shared_io_pool_size=0
umpay.__shared_pool_size=176160768
umpay.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/DataBase/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/DataBase/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/DataBase/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/DataBase/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/DataBase/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=umpayXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/DataBase/app/oracle/archive'
*.memory_max_target=4966055936
*.memory_target=4966055936
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=2475687936
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=2475687936
*.shared_pool_size=2147483648
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

【可以从rman备份的spfile文件中获取以上配置信息】

1. 根据pfile文件，创建对应的文件目录

mkdir /DataBase/app/oracle
mkdir /DataBase/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
mkdir /DataBase/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
mkdir /DataBase/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/
mkdir /DataBase/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir /DataBase/app/oracle/archive

1. 使用配置文件启动数据库

sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/init.umpay.ora';

1. 恢复控制文件

$ rman target /
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/backup/ctl_be2c88dk_1_1_20231124.ctl';
RMAN> alter database mount;

1. 恢复数据库

RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
RMAN> delete noprompt expired backup;
RMAN> delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle/backup/';
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES  //【输入YES】
cataloging files...
cataloging done
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> recover database;
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=22421
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 11/24/2023 15:51:36
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22421 and starting SCN of 505305385
【修改命令如下，再次执行。】
RMAN> recover database until scn=505305385;

1. 启动数据库

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/DataBase/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
解决办法：
把可用的pfile文件覆盖报错文件
$ cp /home/oracle/init.umpay.ora /DataBase/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
SQL> alter database open;

1. 创建数据库监听文件

$ vim listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.21)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /DataBase/app/oracle

$ vim tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.21)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

1. 启动数据库监听进程

lsnrctl start