MSSQL记录表字段数据变化的相关SQl

在软件实施过程中,也许会有这样的问题: 表中数据出现非预期的结果,此时不确定是程序问题,哪个程序,存储过程,触发器.. 或还是人为修改的结果,此时可以用触发器对特定的表字段做跟踪监视,记录每次新增,修改,删除此字段值的操作详细信息(含登录名,主机名,IP地址,执行的TSQL语句,程序名等等), 以利于问题的排查.

-- 建测试表
CREATE TABLE sto
    (
        id INT NOT NULL, -- 主键字段
        de DATETIME -- 被跟踪的字段
            CONSTRAINT pk_sto
            PRIMARY KEY (id)
    );

-- 建日志表
CREATE TABLE log_sto
    (
        logid      INT          NOT NULL IDENTITY(1, 1), -- 日志序号(日志主键)
        operate    VARCHAR(10),                          -- 操作类型 如Insert,Update,Delete.
        id         INT,                                  -- 原表ID(主键)
        old_de     DATETIME,                             -- de字段旧值
        new_de     DATETIME,                             -- de字段新值
        spid       INT          NOT NULL,                -- spid
        login_name VARCHAR(100),                         -- 登录名
        prog_name  VARCHAR(100),                         -- 程序名
        hostname   VARCHAR(100),                         -- 主机名
        ipaddress  VARCHAR(100),                         -- IP地址
        runsql     VARCHAR(4000),                        -- 执行的TSQL代码
        UDate      DATETIME -- 操作日期时间
            CONSTRAINT pk_logsto
            PRIMARY KEY (logid)
    );
GO

-- 建跟踪触发器
CREATE TRIGGER tr_sto
ON sto
AFTER UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE
AS
    BEGIN
        DECLARE @di TABLE
            (
                et VARCHAR(200),
                pt VARCHAR(200),
                ei VARCHAR(MAX)
            );
        INSERT INTO @di
        EXEC ('dbcc inputbuffer(@@spid)');

DECLARE @op VARCHAR(10);
        SELECT
            @op = CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM inserted ) AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
                            THEN 'Update'
                       WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM inserted ) AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
                            THEN 'Insert'
                       WHEN NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted ) AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
                          THEN 'Delete'
                  END;

IF @op IN (
                      'Update', 'Insert'
                  )
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO log_sto
                    (
                        operate,
                        id,
                        old_de,
                        new_de,
                        spid,
                        login_name,
                        prog_name,
                        hostname,
                        ipaddress,
                        runsql,
                        UDate
                    )
                            SELECT
                                @op,
                                n.id,
                                o.de,
                                n.de,
                                @@spid,
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        login_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        program_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        hostname
                                    FROM
                                        sys.sysprocesses
                                    WHERE
                                        spid = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        client_net_address
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_connections
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT TOP 1
                                        ISNULL(ei, '')
                                    FROM
                                        @di
                                ),
                                GETDATE()
                            FROM
                                inserted n
                                LEFT JOIN
                                    deleted o
                                        ON o.id = n.id;
            END;
        ELSE
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO log_sto
                    (
                        operate,
                        id,
                        old_de,
                        new_de,
                        spid,
                        login_name,
                        prog_name,
                        hostname,
                        ipaddress,
                        runsql,
                        UDate
                    )
                            SELECT
                                @op,
                                o.id,
                                o.de,
                                NULL,
                                @@spid,
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        login_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        program_name
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_sessions
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        hostname
                                    FROM
                                        sys.sysprocesses
                                    WHERE
                                        spid = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT
                                        client_net_address
                                    FROM
                                        sys.dm_exec_connections
                                    WHERE
                                        session_id = @@spid
                                ),
                                (
                                    SELECT TOP 1
                                        ISNULL(ei, '')
                                    FROM
                                        @di
                                ),
                                GETDATE()
                            FROM
                                deleted o;
            END;
    END;
GO

--> 测试DML操作

-- 操作1
INSERT INTO sto
    (
        id,
        de
    )
VALUES
    (
        1, '2012-01-01 05:06:07'
    );
GO

-- 操作2
INSERT INTO sto
    (
        id,
        de
    )
VALUES
    (
        2, '2012-01-01 06:06:07'
    );
GO

-- 操作3
UPDATE
    sto
SET
    de = getdate()
WHERE
    id = 2;
GO

-- 操作4
UPDATE
    sto
SET
    de = getdate()
WHERE
    id = 1;
GO

-- 操作5
INSERT INTO sto
    (
        id,
        de
    )
VALUES
    (
        5, '2012-01-01 15:26:37'
    );
GO

-- 操作6
DELETE sto
WHERE
    id = 2;
GO