Nginx日常操作和配置

安装位置：/usr/local/nginx
配置目录：/usr/local/nginx/conf
配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
启动命令：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@limt sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.7.9
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
  -t            : test configuration and exit
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
1 指定配置文件启动
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
-c参数指定了要加载的nginx配置文件路径

[root@limt sbin]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root       4631      1  0 03:17 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody     4632   4631  0 03:17 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       4634   4496  0 03:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx

2 修改配置文件后重新加载
kill -HUP 主进称号或进程号文件路径（/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid）
kill -HUP  `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
或者使用
/usr/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

3 测试配置文件正确性
[root@limt sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

4 停止nginx
从容停止Nginx：
kill -QUIT 主进程号
快速停止Nginx：
kill -TERM 主进程号
强制停止Nginx：
pkill -9 主进程号

基本配置：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#指定nginx worker进程运行用户以及用户组，默认nobody
user  nobody;
#指定nginx要开启的进程数。最好与CPU个数相同
worker_processes  2;         

#用来定义全局错误日志文件。级别有：debug、info、notice、warn、error和crit。debug输出日志最为详细，criti输出日志最少
#error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#用来指定进程id的存储文件位置
pid        logs/nginx.pid;

#设定nginx的工作模式及连接上限
events {
    #支持的工作模式有：select、poll、kqueue、epoll和rtsig.对于linux系统，epoll是首选模式
    use epoll;
    #定义nginx每个进程的最大连接数
    worker_connections  2048;
}

#HTTP服务器配置
http {
    #实现对配置文件所包含的文件的设定，可以减少主配置文件的复杂度
    include       mime.types;
    #设定默认类型为二进制流
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    #用于开启高效文件传输模式
    sendfile        on;
    #防止TCP阻塞
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #用于设置客户端连接保持活动的超时时间,超过这个时间，服务器会关闭该连接
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #支持压缩传输，提高传输速度
    #gzip  on;

    #虚拟主机
    server {
        #监听端口
        listen       80;
        #主机头（域名）
        server_name  localhost;

        #web服务器的语言编码
        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        #匹配url地址中有"/",则执行花括号中的配置
        location / {
            #虚拟主机的本地目录，完整路径：/opt/nginx/html，也可写绝对路径
            root  /var/nginx;
            #默认索引的首页格式及顺序
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}