[翻译] 用 ObjectiveSugar 扩展NSArray NSDictionary NSSet NSNumber

source - https://github.com/supermarin/ObjectiveSugar

Look like a girl, act like a lady, think like a man, work like a boss.

外表如萝莉，举止赛淑女，思想堪汉子，工作比老板。

A set of functional additions for Foundation you wish you've had at the first place.

这是一个关于Foundation框架的一系列的扩展，让你魂牵梦断的东东。

Usage

1. Install via CocoaPods

   pod 'ObjectiveSugar'
   

2. Import the public header

   #import <ObjectiveSugar/ObjectiveSugar.h>

Documentation

NSNumber additions

NSNumber 扩展

重复3次
[@3 times:^{
    NSLog(@"Hello!");
}];
// Hello!
// Hello!
// Hello!

重复3次，并附带标签
[@3 timesWithIndex:^(NSUInteger index) {
    NSLog(@"Another version with number: %d", index);
}];
// Another version with number: 0
// Another version with number: 1
// Another version with number: 2

从1到4
[@1 upto:4 do:^(NSInteger numbah) {
    NSLog(@"Current number.. %d", numbah);
}];
// Current number.. 1
// Current number.. 2
// Current number.. 3
// Current number.. 4

从7到4
[@7 downto:4 do:^(NSInteger numbah) {
    NSLog(@"Current number.. %d", numbah);
}];
// Current number.. 7
// Current number.. 6
// Current number.. 5
// Current number.. 4

NSDate *firstOfDecember = [NSDate date]; // let's pretend it's 1st of December

从firstOfDecember之后的第30天
NSDate *firstOfNovember = [@30.days since:firstOfDecember];
// 2012-11-01 00:00:00 +0000

newYearsDay之前的第7天
NSDate *christmas = [@7.days until:newYearsDay];
// 2012-12-25 00:00:00 +0000

从现在之后的第24天
NSDate *future = @24.days.fromNow;
// 2012-12-25 20:49:05 +0000

一个月之前
NSDate *past = @1.month.ago;
// 2012-11-01 20:50:28 +00:00

NSArray / NSSet additions

NSArray / NSSet 扩展

// All of these methods return a modified copy of the array.
// They're not modifying the source array.
所有的这些方法返回了一个修改过的array的copy备份
他们没有修改原始的array

NSArray *cars = @[@"Testarossa", @"F50", @"F458 Italia"]; // or NSSet

取数组中每一个元素
[cars each:^(id object) {
    NSLog(@"Car: %@", object);
}];
// Car: Testarossa
// Car: F50
// Car: F458 Italia

取数组中每一个元素，并附带标签
[cars eachWithIndex:^(id object, NSUInteger index) {
    NSLog(@"Car: %@ index: %i", object, index);
}];
// Car: Testarossa index: 0
// Car: F50 index: 1
// Car: F458 Italia index: 2

倒序输出数组
[cars each:^(id object) {
    NSLog(@"Car: %@", object);
} options:NSEnumerationReverse];
// Car: F458 Italia
// Car: F50
// Car: Testarossa

倒序输出数组并附带标签
[cars eachWithIndex:^(id object, NSUInteger index) {
    NSLog(@"Car: %@ index: %i", object, index);
} options:NSEnumerationReverse];
// Car: F458 Italia index: 2
// Car: F50 index: 1
// Car: Testarossa index: 0

？？？？？？？？
[cars map:^(NSString* car) {
    return car.lowercaseString;
}];
// testarossa, f50, f458 italia

？？？？？？？？
// Or, a more common example:
[cars map:^(NSString* carName) {
    return [[Car alloc] initWithName:carName];
}];
// array of Car objects

NSArray *mixedData = @[ @1, @"Objective Sugar!", @"Github", @4, @"5"];

过滤出指定类型的对象
[mixedData select:^BOOL(id object) {
  return ([object class] == [NSString class]);
}];
// Objective Sugar, Github, 5

屏蔽掉指定类型的对象
[mixedData reject:^BOOL(id object) {
    return ([object class] == [NSString class]);
}];
// 1, 4

排序
NSArray *numbers = @[ @5, @2, @7, @1 ];
[numbers sort];
// 1, 2, 5, 7

cars.sample
// 458 Italia
cars.sample
// F50

NSArray only

NSArray 单独的

NSArray *numbers = @[@1, @2, @3, @4, @5, @6];

从2到4
// index from 2 to 4
numbers[@"2..4"];
// [@3, @4, @5]

从2到3
// index from 2 to 4 (excluded)
numbers[@"2...4"];
// [@3, @4]

从2开始，之后有4个
// With NSRange location: 2, length: 4
numbers[@"2,4"];
// [@3, @4, @5, @6]

从2开始，之后有4个
NSValue *range = [NSValue valueWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, 4)];
numbers[range];
// [@3, @4, @5, @6]

数组反转
[numbers reverse];
// [@6, @5, @4, @3, @2, @1]

NSArray *fruits = @[ @"banana", @"mango", @"apple", @"pear" ];

数组中包含apple字符串
[fruits includes:@"apple"];
// YES

从数组中取3个
[fruits take:3];
// banana, mango, apple

取数组中元素，知道出现apple后停止
[fruits takeWhile:^BOOL(id fruit) {
    return ![fruit isEqualToString:@"apple"];
}];
// banana, mango

将数组套数组扁平化
NSArray *nestedArray = @[ @[ @1, @2, @3 ], @[ @4, @5, @6, @[ @7, @8 ] ], @9, @10 ];
[nestedArray flatten];
// 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

拼接数组字符串
NSArray *abc = @[ @"a", @"b", @"c" ];
[abc join];
// abc

按照指定的方式拼接字符串
[abc join:@"-"];
// a-b-c

NSArray *mixedData = @[ @1, @"Objective Sugar!", @"Github", @4, @"5"];

检测指定类型的数据，发现后返回
[mixedData detect:^BOOL(id object) {
    return ([object class] == [NSString class]);
}];
// Objective Sugar

// TODO: Make a better / simpler example of this
这些都是没写完的功能，后续版本添加上-_-!
NSArray *landlockedCountries = @[ @"Bolivia", @"Paraguay", @"Austria", @"Switzerland", @"Hungary" ];
NSArray *europeanCountries = @[ @"France", @"Germany", @"Austria", @"Spain", @"Hungary", @"Poland", @"Switzerland" ];

[landlockedCountries intersectionWithArray:europeanCountries];
// landlockedEuropeanCountries = Austria, Switzerland, Hungary

[landlockedCountries unionWithArray:europeanCountries];
// landlockedOrEuropean = Bolivia, Paraguay, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, France, Germany, Spain, Poland

[landlockedCountries relativeComplement:europeanCountries];
// nonEuropeanLandlockedCountries = Bolivia, Paraguay

[europeanCountries relativeComplement:landlockedCountries];
// notLandlockedEuropeanCountries = France, Germany, Spain, Poland

[landlockedCountries symmetricDifference:europeanCountries];
// uniqueCountries = Bolivia, Paraguay, France, Germany, Spain, Poland

NSMutableArray additions

NSMutableArray 扩展

NSMutableArray *people = @[ @"Alice", @"Benjamin", @"Christopher" ];

插入一个对象
[people push:@"Daniel"]; // Alice, Benjamin, Christopher, Daniel

移除一个对象
[people pop]; // Daniel
// people = Alice, Benjamin, Christopher

移除第二个位置的对象
[people pop:2]; // Benjamin, Christopher
// people = Alice

插入多个对象
[people concat:@[ @"Evan", @"Frank", @"Gavin" ]];
// people = Alice, Evan, Frank, Gavin

NSDictionary additions

NSDictionary 扩展

NSDictionary *dict = @{ @"one" : @1, @"two" : @2, @"three" : @3 };

字典中每一个对象
[dict each:^(id key, id value){
    NSLog(@"Key: %@, Value: %@", key, value);
}];
// Key: one, Value: 1
// Key: two, Value: 2
// Key: three, Value: 3

字典中每一个key
[dict eachKey:^(id key) {
    NSLog(@"Key: %@", key);
}];
// Key: one
// Key: two
// Key: three

字典中每一个value
[dict eachValue:^(id value) {
    NSLog(@"Value: %@", value);
}];
// Value: 1
// Value: 2
// Value: 3

NSDictionary *errors = @{
    @"username" : @[ @"already taken" ],
    @"password" : @[ @"is too short (minimum is 8 characters)", @"not complex enough" ],
    @"email" : @[ @"can't be blank" ];
};

将key与value合并在一起
[errors map:^(id attribute, id reasons) {
    return NSStringWithFormat(@"%@ %@", attribute, [reasons join:@", "]);
}];
// username already taken
// password is too short (minimum is 8 characters), not complex enough
// email can't be blank

检测是否含有哪个key
[errors hasKey:@"email"]
// true
[errors hasKey:@"Alcatraz"]
// false

NSString additions

NSString 扩展

NSString *sentence = NSStringWithFormat(@"This is a text-with-argument %@", @1234);
// This is a text-with-argument 1234

按照空格分隔字符串
[sentence split];
// array = this, is, a, text-with-argument, 1234

按照指定字符串分隔
[sentence split:@"-"]
// array = this is a text, with, argument 1234

检测是否含有某个字符串
[sentence containsString:@"this is a"];
// YES

C additions

C 扩展

_messages为false时执行
unless(_messages) {
    // The body is only executed if the condition is false
    _messages = [self initializeMessages];
}

直到iterations为0时停止
int iterations = 10;
until(iterations == 0) {
    // The body is executed until the condition is false
    // 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
    printf("%d ", iterations);
    iterations--;
}
printf("\n");

至少会执行一次，而直到这个条件为false时
iterations = 10;
do {
    // The body is executed at least once until the condition is false
    // Will print: Executed!
    printf("Executed!\n");
} until(true);