pyenv的使用

开始想使用virtual实现不同的版本的py隔离，然后发现不太方便，然后发现了这货。

pyenv安装（ubuntu环境

➜  ~ git clone git://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
Cloning into '/home/wang/.pyenv'...
remote: Counting objects: 12600, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (15/15), done.
remote: Total 12600 (delta 7), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 12583
Receiving objects: 100% (12600/12600), 2.24 MiB | 47.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (8749/8749), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
➜  ~ echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
➜  ~ echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zshrc
➜  ~ echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
➜  ~ echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
➜  ~ echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
➜  ~ echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
➜  ~ exec $SHELL -l

注：如果你没有使用zsh，那么zshrc相关的都可以不用执行　　

验证安装是否成功：

➜  ~ pyenv
commands            help                local               shell               --version           version-name        which
completions         hooks               prefix              shims               version-file        version-origin
exec                init                rehash              uninstall           version-file-read   versions
global              install             root                version             version-file-write  whence

输入pyenv然后tab会出现各种补全的选项

pyenv的基本使用：

➜  ~ pyenv --version                # pyenv版本
pyenv 20160422-3-gd0fae57
➜  ~ pyenv versions      # 当前py版本信息，如果装了其他版本那么会显示多个
* system (set by /home/wang/.pyenv/version)
➜  ~
➜  ~ pyenv help
Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>]

Some useful pyenv commands are:
   commands    List all available pyenv commands
   local       Set or show the local application-specific Python version
   global      Set or show the global Python version
   shell       Set or show the shell-specific Python version
   install     Install a Python version using python-build
   uninstall   Uninstall a specific Python version
   rehash      Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables)
   version     Show the current Python version and its origin
   versions    List all Python versions available to pyenv
   which       Display the full path to an executable
   whence      List all Python versions that contain the given executable

See `pyenv help <command>' for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv#readme
➜  ~ pyenv init    # 如果输入pyenv之后使用tab不补全，可以使用这个命令初始化一下，然后就可以使用补全命令了
# Load pyenv automatically by appending
# the following to ~/.zshrc:

eval "$(pyenv init -)"

显示可以安装的列表

➜  ~ pyenv install -l     # 可以安装的版本，此处只列举几个（因为实在是太多了啊
Available versions:
  2.1.3
  2.2.3
  2.3.7
  2.4
  2.4.1

pyenv安装py　　

➜  ~ pyenv install 3.3.1     # install py3.3.1
Downloading Python-3.3.1.tgz...
-> http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.3.1/Python-3.3.1.tgz
Installing Python-3.3.1...
patching file ./Modules/readline.c
Hunk #1 succeeded at 225 (offset -6 lines).
Hunk #2 succeeded at 759 (offset -14 lines).
Hunk #3 succeeded at 812 (offset -14 lines).
Hunk #4 succeeded at 870 (offset -14 lines).
Hunk #5 succeeded at 918 with fuzz 2 (offset -25 lines).
patching file ./Lib/ssl.py
Hunk #2 succeeded at 609 (offset -40 lines).
patching file ./Modules/_ssl.c
Hunk #1 succeeded at 1683 (offset -63 lines).
Hunk #2 succeeded at 2751 (offset -93 lines).
WARNING: The Python bz2 extension was not compiled. Missing the bzip2 lib?
WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib?
WARNING: The Python sqlite3 extension was not compiled. Missing the SQLite3 lib?
Installing pip from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py...
2016-05-08 21:29:03 URL:https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py [1522812/1522812] -> "-" [1]
Installed Python-3.3.1 to /home/wang/.pyenv/versions/3.3.1

➜  ~ pyenv rehash   # 更新本地数据库
➜  ~
➜  ~ pyenv versions    # 查看本机版本信息
* system (set by /home/wang/.pyenv/version)
  3.3.1

global， shell， local的使用　

➜  ~ pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/wang/.pyenv/version)
  3.3.1
➜  ~
➜  ~ python --version
Python 2.7.6
➜  ~
➜  ~ pyenv global 3.3.1     # 更改本机版本，重启不会造成再次更改
➜  ~
➜  ~ python --version
Python 3.3.1
➜  ~
➜  ~ pyenv local system    #  更改本地的版本，只是临时生效，重启什么的会恢复系统版本
➜  ~
➜  ~ python --version
Python 2.7.6
➜  ~
➜  ~ python shell 3.3.1   #  更改本shell的版本，临时生效，优先级高于global，local的也高于global，都是临时生效
python: can't open file 'shell': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
➜  ~ pyenv shell 3.3.1
➜  ~ pyenv versions
  system
* 3.3.1 (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)
➜  ~
➜  ~ python
Python 3.3.1 (default, May  8 2016, 21:27:17)
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

global, loacl优先级比较　　

➜  ~ pyenv global 3.3.1    # 这个例子可以看出优先级
➜  ~ pyenv --version
pyenv 20160422-3-gd0fae57
➜  ~ pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/wang/.python-version)
  3.3.1
➜  ~ pyenv local 3.3.1
➜  ~ pyenv versions
  system
* 3.3.1 (set by /home/wang/.python-version)
➜  ~ pyenv shell system
➜  ~ pyenv versions
* system (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)
  3.3.1
➜  ~ python global
python: can't open file 'global': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
➜  ~ pyenv global system
➜  ~ pyenv versions
* system (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)
  3.3.1

　　

pyenv和virtualenv的搭配使用

➜  ~ cd .pyenv/plugins     # 安装virtualenv插件
➜  plugins git:(master) git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenv.git
Cloning into 'pyenv-virtualenv'...
remote: Counting objects: 1781, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (19/19), done.
remote: Total 1781 (delta 8), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1762
Receiving objects: 100% (1781/1781), 518.17 KiB | 46.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1208/1208), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
➜  plugins git:(master) pyenv virtualenv 3.3.1 my_pro_3.3.1   #  创建3.3.1版本虚拟环境
Installing pip from https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py...
2016-05-08 21:42:21 URL:https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py [1522812/1522812] -> "-" [1]
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting setuptools
  Using cached setuptools-21.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting wheel
  Using cached wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheel
Successfully installed pip-8.1.1 setuptools-21.0.0 wheel-0.29.0
➜  plugins git:(master) pyenv virtualenvs    # 显示环境，为什么有2个我有点不太懂
  3.3.1/envs/my_pro_3.3.1 (created from /home/wang/.pyenv/versions/3.3.1)
  my_pro_3.3.1 (created from /home/wang/.pyenv/versions/3.3.1)
➜  plugins git:(master) pyenv versions
* system (set by PYENV_VERSION environment variable)
  3.3.1
  3.3.1/envs/my_pro_3.3.1
  my_pro_3.3.1
➜  plugins git:(master) pyenv activate 3.3.1/envs/my_pro_3.3.1   # 激活使用，有错误，可以重启shell

Failed to activate virtualenv.

Perhaps pyenv-virtualenv has not been loaded into your shell properly.
Please restart current shell and try again.

vitualenv的使用　　

➜  ~ pyenv activate 3.3.1/envs/my_pro_3.3.1    #  两个都可以进去
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(3.3.1/envs/my_pro_3.3.1) ➜  ~ pyenv deactivate
➜  ~ pyenv activate my_pro_3.3.1
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(my_pro_3.3.1) ➜  ~ pyenv deactivate    # 离开
➜  ~ rm -rf .pyenv/versions/3.3.1  #  删除
➜  ~ pyenv versions    #  看来其中一个应该是我们安装的版本信息
pyenv: version `3.3.1' is not installed (set by /home/wang/.python-version)
  system
➜  ~ rm -rf .pyenv/versions/my_pro_3.3.1   #  当安装了virtualenv插件之后就会都显示，相当于也使用了virtualenv
➜  ~ pyenv versions                      # 实现的，但是没有安装就没有显示
pyenv: version `3.3.1' is not installed (set by /home/wang/.python-version)
  system

　　

参考：

http://www.it165.net/pro/html/201405/13603.html

http://seisman.info/python-pyenv.html

https://github.com/comynli/pybooklet/blob/master/install.md