使用BBED模拟Oracle数据库坏块

BBED(OracleBlockBrowerandEDitor Tool)，用来直接查看和修改数据文件数据的一个工具，是Oracle一款内部工具，可以直接修改Oracle数据文件块的内容，在一些极端恢复场景下比较有用。该工具不受Oracle支持，所以默认是没有生成可执行文件的，在使用前需要重新连接。

1.安装BBED

[oracle@std lib]$ pwd
/u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib
[oracle@std lib]$ make-f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed
-bash: make-f: command not found
[oracle@std lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed

Linking BBED utility (bbed)
rm -f /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib/bbed
gcc -o /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib/bbed -L/u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/ -L/u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/stubs/ -L/usr/lib -lirc  /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/s0main.o /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -ldbtools10 -lclntsh  `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10  -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10  -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10   -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10  -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10   `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib -lm    `cat /u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm   -L/u02/app/product/10.2./db_1/lib
[oracle@std lib]$ ll bbed
-rwxr-xr-x  oracle oinstall  Feb   : bbed
[oracle@std lib]$ ./bbed
Password:     --密码默认为blockedit

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0. - Limited Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------

OracleDatabase 11g中缺省的未提供BBED库文件，但是可以用10g的文件编译出来，需要先从10g中复制如下文件到相应目录，然后再执行上述连接命令。

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/msg/bbedus.msb

2.使用参数文件连接BBED

--查询出当前库的数据文件并保存在文本文件中

SQL> select file#||' '||name||' '||bytes from v$datafile ;

FILE#||''||NAME||''||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/system01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/undotbs01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/sysaux01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/users01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/example01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf 

 rows selected.

--注意保存在文件里的文件号要与我们数据库查询出来的FILE#相同

[oracle@std lib]$ cat ~/psdb_file.txt
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/system01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/undotbs01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/sysaux01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/users01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/example01.dbf
 /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf 

--BBED使用参数文件登录

oracle@std lib]$ cat ~/bbed_parameter.txt
blocksize=
listfile=/home/oracle/psdb_file.txt
mode=edit
[oracle@std lib]$ ./bbed parfile=/home/oracle/bbed_parameter.txt
Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0. - Limited Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/system01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/undotbs01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/sysaux01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/users01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/example01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf                            

BBED> 

3.创建测试对象

[oracle@std lib]$ sqlplus livan/livan

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4. - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create table test(id int,name varchar2());

Table created.

SQL> insert into test values(,'beijing');

 row created.

SQL> insert into test values(,'shanghai');

 row created.

SQL> insert into test values(,'shandong');

 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

--查看测试对象的数据块分布

SQL> select
    dbms_rowid.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(rowid) fno,
    dbms_rowid.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(rowid) bno,
    dbms_rowid.ROWID_ROW_NUMBER(rowid) rowno,
    name   from test;

       FNO        BNO      ROWNO NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
                             beijing
                             shanghai
                             shandong

4.使用BBED编辑数据块

[oracle@std lib]$ ./bbed parfile=/home/oracle/bbed_parameter.txt
Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0. - Limited Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/system01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/undotbs01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/sysaux01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/users01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/example01.dbf
       /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf                            

BBED> set dba ,
        DBA             0x0180000c ( ,)

BBED> dump /v dba , offset
 File: /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf ()
 Block:       Offsets:     to    Dba:0x0180000c
-------------------------------------------------------
 06a20000 0c008001 60d40700  l .?.....`?.....
 5c4d0000  c9ce0000 51d40700 l \M......晌..Q?.
    05002c00 l .............,.
 1c010000 b1058000 f1000500  l ....?..?... ..
 60d40700    l `?.............
     l ................
   ffff1800 6c1f541f l ............l.T.
 541f0000 03008a1f 7b1f6c1f  l T.......{.l.....

 < bytes per line>

BBED> modify /x  dba , offset
 File: /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf ()
 Block:                Offsets:     to             Dba:0x0180000c
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  0c008001 60d40700  5c4d0000  c9ce0000 51d40700
    05002c00 1c010000 b1058000 f1000500
 60d40700
   ffff1800 6c1f541f 541f0000 03008a1f 7b1f6c1f  

 < bytes per line>

BBED> sum dba , apply
Check value for File , Block :
current = 0xa31e, required = 0xa31e

5.登录SQLPLUS验证表

[oracle@std lib]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4. - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> conn livan/livan
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;

        ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
          beijing
          shanghai
          shandong

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

SQL> conn livan/livan
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;
select * from test
              *
ERROR at line :
ORA-: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # , block # )
ORA-: data file : '/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf'

6.使用DBV工具检查数据坏块

[oracle@std lib]$ dbv file=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf
Page  is marked corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0180000c (file , block )
Bad check value found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
 type:  format:  rdba: 0x0180000c
 last change scn: 0x0000.0007d460 seq: 0x5 flg: 0x06
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xd4600605
 check value in block header: 0x4d5c
 computed block checksum: 0x1607

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         :
Total Pages Processed (Data) :
Total Pages Failing   (Data) :
Total Pages Processed (Index):
Total Pages Failing   (Index):
Total Pages Processed (Other):
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  :
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  :
Total Pages Empty            :
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   :     --发现坏块
Total Pages Influx           :
Highest block SCN            :  (0.513120)

7.使用rman工具检查数据文件验证坏块

[oracle@std lib]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PSDB (DBID=)

RMAN> backup check logical validate database;

Starting backup at -FEB-
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid= devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/system01.dbf
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/example01.dbf
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: ::
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: ::
Finished backup at -FEB-

----只对某个数据文件检查

RMAN> backup check logical validate datafile ;

Starting backup at -FEB-
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid= devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno= name=/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: ::
Finished backup at -FEB-

--RMAN的检查结果放在v$database_block_corruption

SQL> select file#,block#,blocks from v$database_block_corruption;

     FILE#     BLOCK#     BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------
                            

8.使用exp导出工具验证坏块

[oracle@std lib]$ exp livan/livan file=/home/oracle/livan_table.dmp tables=test

Export: Release 10.2.0.4. - Production on Thu Feb  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4. - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                           TEST
EXP-: ORACLE error  encountered
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 12)
ORA-: data file : '/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf'
Export terminated successfully with warnings.

 9.使用dbms_repair.check_object检验坏块

SQL> BEGIN
      DBMS_REPAIR.ADMIN_TABLES (
      TABLE_NAME => 'REPAIR_TABLE',
      TABLE_TYPE => dbms_repair.repair_table,
      ACTION => dbms_repair.create_action,
      TABLESPACE => 'livan_tbs');
    END;
    /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> DECLARE
    num_corrupt INT;
    BEGIN
      num_corrupt := ;
      DBMS_REPAIR.CHECK_OBJECT (
      SCHEMA_NAME => 'LIVAN',
      OBJECT_NAME => 'TEST',
      REPAIR_TABLE_NAME => 'REPAIR_TABLE',
      corrupt_count => num_corrupt);
     DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('number corrupt: ' || TO_CHAR (num_corrupt));
   END;
   /
number corrupt: 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select RELATIVE_FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,CORRUPT_TYPE,OBJECT_NAME
    from REPAIR_TABLE;

RELATIVE_FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID CORRUPT_TYPE OBJECT_NAME
---------------- ---------- ------------ ------------------------------
                                  TEST

10.使用analyze命令检验坏块

SQL> analyze table test validate structure cascade online;
analyze table test validate structure cascade online
*
ERROR at line :
ORA-: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # , block # )
ORA-: data file : '/u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf'

11.使用bbed自带的命令verify检验坏块

BBED> verify dba ,
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u02/app/oradata/PSDB/livan_tbs01.dbf
BLOCK = 

Block  is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0180000c (file , block )
Bad check value found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type:  format:  rdba: 0x0180000c
 last change scn: 0x0000.0007d460 seq: 0x5 flg: 0x06
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xd4600605
 check value in block header: 0x4d5c
 computed block checksum: 0x1607

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         :
Total Blocks Processed (Data) :
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) :
Total Blocks Processed (Index):
Total Blocks Failing   (Index):
Total Blocks Empty            :
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   :
Total Blocks Influx           : 

参考：张晓明<<大话Oracle RAC>>
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5006580
http://blog.itpub.net/8494287/viewspace-1357457/
http://blog.csdn.net/haiross/article/details/15340489
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a57562c801015pzr.html