Nexus Repository OSS 3安装配置使用

Nexus Repository OSS 3是一个开源的仓库管理系统，提供了更加丰富的功能，而且安装、配置、使用起来也更加简单方便。OSS 3版本主要支持的仓库（Repository）包括如下：

• bower
• docker
• maven
• npm
• nuget
• pypi
• raw
• rubygems
• yum

其中，对于上述每种类型的Nexus仓库，都分别具有如下主要3种类型： 
hosted：本地仓库，可以将我们内部使用的一些Maven项目，发布到该类型仓库，供内部开发人员使用。 
proxy：代理仓库，用来代理远程公共仓库，比如Maven中央仓库。 
group：仓库组，用来合并多个类型（hosted/proxy）的仓库。 
这里，我们主要以支持Java编程的Maven项目依赖管理和构建进行实践，Nexus版本为nexus-3.7.0-04。

安装配置

下载Nexus Repository Manager软件包：

wget https://sonatype-download.global.ssl.fastly.net/nexus/3/nexus-3.7.0-04-unix.tar.gz
tar xvzf nexus-3.7.0-04-unix.tar.gz

解压缩后可以看到，生成nexus-3.7.0-04和sonatype-work两个目录:

[root@ali-bj01-tst-cluster-004 nexus]# ls
nexus-3.7.0-04  sonatype-work

是这两个目录在同一个目录下，例如我这里是在nexus目录下面。 
可以在etc/nexus-default.properties配置文件中，修改对应的配置项，满足实际需要，这里我直接使用默认的，其它可以使用的配置可以参考官网说明。 
如果使用自定义的JDK，可以增加如下配置：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_144/

启动Nexus Repository Manager，执行如下命令：

bin/nexus start

然后，可以通过Web页面登录浏览，链接如下所示：

http://172.16.117.65:8081

默认用户admin，默认密码为admin123，根据自己的需要修改密码，保证Nexus的安全。 
Nexus Repository Manager也提供了方便的管理用户和权限的基础功能，可以登录到Web管理页面上进行管理配置，如下图所示： 

发布管理

我们需要将自己的Maven项目构建后，发布到Nexus中，供其它项目使用，所以需要进行相关配置，并且具有一定权限才能向Nexus仓库中发布。 
首先，在settings.xml文件中进行配置，配置内容如下所示：

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

    <localRepository>/Users/yanjun/.m2/repository</localRepository>
    <servers>
         <server>
           <id>maven-releases</id>
           <username>admin</username>
           <password>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</password>
        </server>
         <server>
           <id>maven-snapshots</id>
           <username>admin</username>
           <password>xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</password>
        </server>
     </servers>
</settings>

然后，在待要发布到Nexus仓库的Maven项目的pom.xml文件中，增加发布管理配置，如下所示：

    <distributionManagement>
        <repository>
            <id>maven-releases</id>
            <name>Nexus ReleaseRepository</name>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-releases/</url>
        </repository>
        <snapshotRepository>
            <id>maven-snapshots</id>
            <name>Nexus SnapshotRepository</name>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
        </snapshotRepository>
    </distributionManagement>

需要保证，pom.xml中distributionManagement中的id与setting.xml中配置的server中的id必须相同，才能发布。 
最后，执行如下命令发布到Nexus的Snapshots仓库：

cd /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer
mvn -s ~/settings.xml deploy

执行上述命令，发布到Nexus的Snapshots仓库的过程，如下所示：

➜  azkaban-app-deployer git:(master) ✗ mvn -s ~/settings.xml deploy
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building azkaban-app-deployer 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5:compile (default-compile) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-assembly-plugin:2.4.1:single (make-assembly) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ azkaban-app-deployer ---
[INFO] Installing/Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to /Users/yanjun/.m2/repository/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]Installing/Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/pom.xml to /Users/yanjun/.m2/repository/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO]Installing/Users/yanjun/Workspaces/idea-workspace/azkaban-app-deployer/target/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar to /Users/yanjun/.m2/repository/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[INFO][INFO]--- maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy (default-deploy)@ azkaban-app-deployer ---Downloading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xmlUploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.jarUploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.jar (36 kB at 3.7 kB/s)Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.pomUploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1.pom (3.8 kB at 416 B/s)Downloading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/maven-metadata.xmlUploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xmlUploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (780 B at 85 B/s)Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/maven-metadata.xmlUploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/maven-metadata.xml (290 B at 31 B/s)Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1-jar-with-dependencies.jarUploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/azkaban-app-deployer-0.0.1-20180102.065956-1-jar-with-dependencies.jar (3.8 MB at 172 kB/s)Uploading: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xmlUploaded: http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-snapshots/cn/xiweiai/azkaban-app-deployer/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (1.0 kB at 110 B/s)[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO]Total time:01:13 min
[INFO]Finished at:2018-01-02T15:01:05+08:00[INFO]FinalMemory:20M/274M[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------

可以登录到Nexus Repository Manager中，查看已经发布项目jar的Snapshots文件，示例如下图所示： 
 
需要说明的是，我们在Maven项目的pom.xml文件中 ，如果版本号中含有SNAPSHOT，则会自动发布到Snapshots仓库中，例如：

    <groupId>cn.xiweiai</groupId>
    <artifactId>azkaban-app-deployer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

如果将version的值改为不带SNAPSHOT后缀，则会发布到releases仓库中，根据实际需要进行选择。

使用仓库

安装配置好我们私有的Maven仓库，如果我们想使用我们内部发布到Nexus中的Maven依赖，可以直接配置Release Repository：

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>maven-releases</id>
            <name>Nexus ReleaseRepository</name>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-releases/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

也可以通过使用group类型的仓库，只需要在Maven项目的pom.xml文件中增加如下配置即可：

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>nexus</id>
            <url>http://172.16.117.65:8081/repository/maven-public/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

上述配置的该仓库是group类型的仓库组，它会将hosted和proxy类型的仓库合并起来，即：我们在pom.xml中配置依赖时，如果是我们内部的依赖，则会从hosted类型的仓库中去加载；如果是一些开源的依赖，则会通过proxy类型的仓库，代理转发到外部仓库中下载。如果有其它更多非group类型的仓库，也会从这些仓库中查找依赖资源。