Nginx SSL 双向认证，key 生成和配置

一、安装Nginx和OpenSSL

yum install nginx openssl -y

二、SSL 服务器 / 客户端双向验证证书的生成

创建一个新的 CA 根证书，在 nginx 安装目录下新建 ca 文件夹，进入 ca，创建几个子文件夹

mkdir ca && cd ca
mkdir newcerts private conf server

# newcerts 子目录将用于存放 CA 签署过的数字证书(证书备份目录)；
# private 用于存放 CA 的私钥；
# conf 目录用于存放一些简化参数用的配置文件；
# server 存放服务器证书文件。

conf 目录新建 openssl.conf 文件

[ ca ]
default_ca      = foo                   # The default ca section 

[ foo ]
dir            = ./         # top dir
database       = ./index.txt          # index file.
new_certs_dir  = ./newcerts           # new certs dir 

certificate    = ./private/ca.crt         # The CA cert
serial         = ./serial             # serial no file
private_key    = ./private/ca.key  # CA private key
RANDFILE       = ./private/.rand      # random number file 

default_days   = 3650                     # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30                     # how long before next CRL
default_md     = sha256                     # message digest method to use
unique_subject = no                      # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                                         # several ctificates with same subject.
policy         = policy_any              # default policy 

[ policy_any ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = match
localityName            = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

生成私钥 key 文件

openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key 2048
输出
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.......+++
.........................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
private 目录下有 ca.key 文件生成。

生成私钥 key 文件

openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key 2048
输出
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.......+++
.........................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
private 目录下有 ca.key 文件生成。

生成证书请求 csr 文件

openssl req -new -key private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr

生成凭证 crt 文件

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in private/ca.csr -signkey private/ca.key -out private/ca.crt

private 目录下有 ca.crt 文件生成。

为我们的 key 设置起始序列号和创建 CA 键库

echo FACE > serial
#可以是任意四个字符
touch index.txt

为 "用户证书" 的移除创建一个证书撤销列表

openssl ca -gencrl -out ./private/ca.crl -crldays 7 -config "./conf/openssl.conf"
# 输出
Using configuration from ./conf/openssl.conf
private 目录下有 ca.crl 文件生成。

三、服务器证书的生成

创建一个 key

openssl genrsa -out server/server.key 2048
为我们的 key 创建一个证书签名请求 csr 文件
openssl req -new -key server/server.key -out server/server.csr
使用我们私有的 CA key 为刚才的 key 签名
openssl ca -in server/server.csr -cert private/ca.crt -keyfile private/ca.key -out     server/server.crt -config "./conf/openssl.conf"
# 输出
Using configuration from ./conf/openssl.conf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName           :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName   :ASN.1 12:'GuangDong'
localityName          :ASN.1 12:'XX'
organizationName      :ASN.1 12:'****'
organizationalUnitName:ASN.1 12:'**'
commonName            :ASN.1 12:'**'
emailAddress          :IA5STRING:'****'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 07:37:02 2017 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

注：签名信息每次必须输入一致

四、客户端证书的生成 * 创建存放 key 的目录 users

mkdir users  

* 为用户创建一个 key

openssl genrsa -des3 -out ./users/client.key 2048
输出：
Enter pass phrase for ./users/client.key:123
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for ./users/client.key:123
#要求输入 pass phrase，这个是当前 key 的口令，以防止本密钥泄漏后被人盗用。两次输入同一个密码(比如我这里输入     123)，users 目录下有 client.key 文件生成。
为 key 创建一个证书签名请求 csr 文件
openssl req -new -key ./users/client.key -out ./users/client.csr
#users 目录下有 client.csr 文件生成。

使用我们私有的 CA key 为刚才的 key 签名

openssl ca -in ./users/client.csr -cert ./private/ca.crt -keyfile ./private/ca.key -out    ./users/client.crt -config "./conf/openssl.conf"

将证书转换为大多数浏览器都能识别的 PKCS12 文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in ./users/client.crt -inkey ./users/client.key -out ./users/client.p12

输出

Enter pass phrase for ./users/client.key:
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:

输入密码后，users 目录下有 client.p12 文件生成。

五、Nginx配置

vhosts.xxx.conf 在 server { }段输入如下代码

    listen       443;
    server_name  localhost;
    ssi on;
    ssi_silent_errors on;
    ssi_types text/shtml; 

    ssl                  on;
    ssl_certificate      /usr/local/nginx/ca/server/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/ca/server/server.key;
    ssl_client_certificate /usr/local/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt; 

    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    ssl_verify_client on;  #开户客户端证书验证
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!DH;

    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

重新启动Nginx

nginx -t
nginx -s reload

在浏览器导入client.p12文件即可访问