Binary Tree Postorder

Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes’ values.

For example:

Given binary tree {1,#,2,3},return [3,2,1].

Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

这是一道LeetCode中标记为Hard的题。事实上如果没有限定不使用递归的话,这道题是非常简单的。所以我只简单回顾一下这道题的两种解法:递归和迭代。

递归法实现后序遍历

算法复杂度为O(n)

class Solution {
public:
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int> re;
print(root,re);
return re;
}
void print(TreeNode *node,vector<int> &re){
if(node == NULL) return;
print(node->left,re);//左
print(node->right,re);//右
re.push_back(node->val);//中
}
};

递归实现前序遍历和后序遍历,只要把print函数中“左右中”三行代码改成相应的顺序即可。

迭代实现后序遍历

迭代实现遍历的本质是广度优先搜索,思路如下:

  • Create an empty stack, Push root node to the stack.
  • Do following while stack is not empty.
  • pop an item from the stack and print it.
  • push the left child of popped item to stack.
  • push the right child of popped item to stack.
  • reverse the ouput.

其中,容易搞错的是输出“中”后,要先push左节点,再push右节点。因为对栈来说,先进去的左节点会后输出(先进后出,后进先出),就实现了“中右左”的顺序,再反转(reverse)就得到了后续遍历(左右中)。

算法复杂度为O(n)

class Solution {
public:
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int> re;
stack<TreeNode*> visit;
if(root != NULL)
visit.push(root);
while(!visit.empty()){
TreeNode *topNode = visit.top();
visit.pop();//top方法只是获取最上面的元素,所以要用pop方法弹出
re.push_back(topNode->val);
if(topNode->left != NULL)
visit.push(topNode->left);
if(topNode->right != NULL)
visit.push(topNode->right);
}
reverse(re.begin(),re.end());
return re;
}
};

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