kubernetes实战-配置中心(四)分环境使用apollo配置中心
要进行分环境,需要将现有实验环境进行拆分
portal服务,可以各个环境共用,但是apollo-adminservice和apollo-configservice必须要分开。
1、zk环境拆分为test和prod环境
添加dns解析:
# vi /var/named/od.com.zone
zk-test.od.com A 10.4.7.11
zk-prod.od.com A 10.4.7.12

2、namespace 分环境,创建test 和prod
# kubectl create ns test
# kubectl create ns prod
创建secret:
# kubectl create secret docker-registry harbor --docker-server=harbor.od.com --docker-username=harbor --docker-password=Harbor12345 -n test # kubectl create secret docker-registry harbor --docker-server=harbor.od.com --docker-username=harbor --docker-password=Harbor12345 -n prod
3、数据库进行拆分,因实验资源有限,故使用分库的形式模拟分环境
修改数据库初始化脚本,分别创建ApolloConfigTestDB和ApolloConfigProdDB


修改数据库中eureka的地址,这里用到了两个新的域名,自行在bind9中添加解析
> update ApolloConfigProdDB.ServerConfig set ServerConfig.Value="http://config-prod.od.com/eureka" where ServerConfig.Key="eureka.service.url"; > grant INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE,SELECT on ApolloConfigProdDB.* to "apolloconfig"@"10.4.7.%" identified by "123456"; > update ApolloConfigTestDB.ServerConfig set ServerConfig.Value="http://config-test.od.com/eureka" where ServerConfig.Key="eureka.service.url"; > grant INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE,SELECT on ApolloConfigTestDB.* to "apolloconfig"@"10.4.7.%" identified by "123456";

修改portal数据,支持fat和pro环境:
> update ServerConfig set Value='fat,pro' where Id=1;
修改portal的cm资源配置清单:
# vi /data/k8s-yaml/apollo-portal/cm.yaml

# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/apollo-portal/cm.yaml

分别创建修改两个环境的资源配置文件:
test:
# cd /data/k8s-yaml
# mkdir -p test/{apollo-adminservice,apollo-configservice,dubbo-demo-server,dubbo-demo-consumer}
# mkdir -p prod/{apollo-adminservice,apollo-configservice,dubbo-demo-server,dubbo-demo-consumer}
将之前的资源配置清单cp到对应环境的目录中,进行修改:
# cd test/apollo-configservice/
# cp ../../apollo-configservice/* ./
1、cm.yaml 修改ns,数据库库名,eureka地址
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice-cm
namespace: test
data:
application-github.properties: |
# DataSource
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://mysql.od.com:3306/ApolloConfigTestDB?characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username = apolloconfig
spring.datasource.password = 123456
eureka.service.url = http://config-test.od.com/eureka
app.properties: |
appId=100003171
2、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice
namespace: test
labels:
name: apollo-configservice
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: apollo-configservice
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apollo-configservice
name: apollo-configservice
spec:
volumes:
- name: configmap-volume
configMap:
name: apollo-configservice-cm
containers:
- name: apollo-configservice
image: harbor.od.com/infra/apollo-configservice:v1.5.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: configmap-volume
mountPath: /apollo-configservice/config
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
3、svc.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice
namespace: test
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: apollo-configservice
4、ingress.yaml
kind: Ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice
namespace: test
spec:
rules:
- host: config-test.od.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: apollo-configservice
servicePort: 8080

服务已经注册进来了
接下来部署apollo-adminservice
修改apollo-adminservice的资源配置清单:
# cd /data/k8s-yaml/test/apollo-adminservice
# cp ../../apollo-adminservice/* ./
1、cm.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: apollo-adminservice-cm
namespace: test
data:
application-github.properties: |
# DataSource
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://mysql.od.com:3306/ApolloConfigTestDB?characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username = apolloconfig
spring.datasource.password = 123456
eureka.service.url = http://config-test.od.com/eureka
app.properties: |
appId=100003172
2、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: apollo-adminservice
namespace: test
labels:
name: apollo-adminservice
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: apollo-adminservice
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: apollo-adminservice
spec:
volumes:
- name: configmap-volume
configMap:
name: apollo-adminservice-cm
containers:
- name: apollo-adminservice
image: harbor.od.com/infra/apollo-adminservice:v1.5.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: configmap-volume
mountPath: /apollo-adminservice/config
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
应用资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/apollo-adminservice/cm.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/apollo-adminservice/dp.yaml

接下来部署prod环境的apollo-configservice,还是一样的套路:
# cd ../../prod/apollo-configservice/
# cp ../../apollo-configservice/* ./
修改资源配置清单:
1、cm.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice-cm
namespace: prod
data:
application-github.properties: |
# DataSource
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://mysql.od.com:3306/ApolloConfigProdDB?characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username = apolloconfig
spring.datasource.password = 123456
eureka.service.url = http://config-prod.od.com/eureka
app.properties: |
appId=100003171
2、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice
namespace: prod
labels:
name: apollo-configservice
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: apollo-configservice
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: apollo-configservice
name: apollo-configservice
spec:
volumes:
- name: configmap-volume
configMap:
name: apollo-configservice-cm
containers:
- name: apollo-configservice
image: harbor.od.com/infra/apollo-configservice:v1.5.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: configmap-volume
mountPath: /apollo-configservice/config
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
3、svc.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice
namespace: prod
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: apollo-configservice
4、ingress.yaml
kind: Ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: apollo-configservice
namespace: prod
spec:
rules:
- host: config-prod.od.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: apollo-configservice
servicePort: 8080
应用资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/apollo-configservice/cm.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/apollo-configservice/dp.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/apollo-configservice/svc.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/apollo-configservice/ingress.yaml
修改apollo-adminservice的资源配置清单:
# cd ../apollo-adminservice/
# cp ../../apollo-adminservice/* ./
1、cm.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: apollo-adminservice-cm
namespace: prod
data:
application-github.properties: |
# DataSource
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://mysql.od.com:3306/ApolloConfigProdDB?characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username = apolloconfig
spring.datasource.password = 123456
eureka.service.url = http://config-prod.od.com/eureka
app.properties: |
appId=100003172
2、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: apollo-adminservice
namespace: prod
labels:
name: apollo-adminservice
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: apollo-adminservice
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: apollo-adminservice
spec:
volumes:
- name: configmap-volume
configMap:
name: apollo-adminservice-cm
containers:
- name: apollo-adminservice
image: harbor.od.com/infra/apollo-adminservice:v1.5.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: configmap-volume
mountPath: /apollo-adminservice/config
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
应用资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/apollo-adminservice/cm.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/apollo-adminservice/dp.yaml

两个服务都已经注册进来了,删除portal数据库中存储的关于之前项目的配置,接下来启动portal项目:
# mysql -uroot -p
> use ApolloPortalDB ;
> truncate table App;
> truncate table AppNamespace;


打开portal.od.com验证,并且创建两个项目:
首先创建dubbo-demo-service

添加配置:两个环境都添加上:注意连接地址一个是test.od.com,一个是prod.od.com

接下来创建dubbo-demo-web项目:同样是两个环境都发布,注意一个是test.od.com,一个是prod.od.com

接下来交付dubbo服务分环境交付:
同样操作,修改之前项目的资源配置清单:
# cd /data/k8s-yaml/test/dubbo-demo-server
# cp ../../dubbo-server/* ./
1、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-service
namespace: test
labels:
name: dubbo-demo-service
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: dubbo-demo-service
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: dubbo-demo-service
name: dubbo-demo-service
spec:
containers:
- name: dubbo-demo-service
image: harbor.od.com/app/dubbo-demo-service:apollo_191211_1916
ports:
- containerPort: 20880
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: C_OPTS
value: -Denv=fat -Dapollo.meta=http://config-test.od.com
- name: JAR_BALL
value: dubbo-server.jar
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
应用资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/dubbo-demo-server/dp.yaml

接下来交付dubbo-demo-consumer:
# cd /data/k8s-yaml/test/dubbo-demo-consumer
# cp ../../dubbo-consumer/* ./
1、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: test
labels:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: dubbo-demo-consumer
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
spec:
containers:
- name: dubbo-demo-consumer
image: harbor.od.com/app/dubbo-demo-web:apollo_191212_1715
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 20880
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: C_OPTS
value: -Denv=fat -Dapollo.meta=http://config-test.od.com
- name: JAR_BALL
value: dubbo-client.jar
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
2、svc.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: test
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: dubbo-demo-consumer
3、ingress.yaml
kind: Ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: test
spec:
rules:
- host: demo-test.od.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: dubbo-demo-consumer
servicePort: 8080
这里会用到两个新的域名,添加解析:

应用test环境的dubbo-consumer资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/dubbo-demo-consumer/dp.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/dubbo-demo-consumer/svc.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/dubbo-demo-consumer/ingress.yaml

接下来交付prod环境的dubbo-demo-server和dubbo-demo-consumer服务:
同样套路,复制资源配置清单,然后修改成prod环境:
cd /data/k8s-yaml/prod/dubbo-demo-server
# cp ../../dubbo-server/* ./
1、dp.yaml
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-service
namespace: prod
labels:
name: dubbo-demo-service
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: dubbo-demo-service
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: dubbo-demo-service
name: dubbo-demo-service
spec:
containers:
- name: dubbo-demo-service
image: harbor.od.com/app/dubbo-demo-service:apollo_191211_1916
ports:
- containerPort: 20880
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: C_OPTS
value: -Denv=pro -Dapollo.meta=http://config-prod.od.com
- name: JAR_BALL
value: dubbo-server.jar
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
应用资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/dubbo-demo-server/dp.yaml

接下来做dubbo-demo-consumer的资源配置清单:
# cd /data/k8s-yaml/prod/dubbo-demo-consumer
# cp ../../dubbo-consumer/* ./
1、dp.yaml http://apollo-configservice:8080 这里可以直接使用svc资源名称调用,不用走ingress,因为svc资源只在当前namespace中生效。

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: prod
labels:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: dubbo-demo-consumer
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
spec:
containers:
- name: dubbo-demo-consumer
image: harbor.od.com/app/dubbo-demo-web:apollo_191212_1715
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 20880
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: C_OPTS
value: -Denv=pro -Dapollo.meta=http://apollo-configservice:8080
- name: JAR_BALL
value: dubbo-client.jar
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
imagePullSecrets:
- name: harbor
restartPolicy: Always
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
schedulerName: default-scheduler
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 7
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
2、svc.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: prod
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: dubbo-demo-consumer
3、ingress.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: prod
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: dubbo-demo-consumer
[root@hdss7-200 dubbo-demo-consumer]# cat ingress.yaml
kind: Ingress
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dubbo-demo-consumer
namespace: prod
spec:
rules:
- host: demo-prod.od.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: dubbo-demo-consumer
servicePort: 8080
应用资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/dubbo-demo-consumer/dp.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/dubbo-demo-consumer/svc.yaml
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/prod/dubbo-demo-consumer/ingress.yaml

访问两个环境的不同url:
http://demo-test.od.com

http://demo-prod.od.com

模拟发版:
使用jenkins构建新的镜像:

构建成功,然后我们在测试环境发布此版本镜像:

修改测试环境的dp.yaml

应用修改后的资源配置清单:
# kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.od.com/test/dubbo-demo-consumer/dp.yaml

已经成功将新代码上线到test环境,接下来上线到prod环境
同样修改prod环境的dp.yaml,并且应用该资源配置清单:

已经上线到生产环境,这样一套完整的分环境使用apollo配置中心发布流程已经可以使用了,并且真正做到了一次构建,多平台使用。
kubernetes实战-配置中心(四)分环境使用apollo配置中心的更多相关文章
- kubernetes实战-配置中心(二)交付apollo配置中心到k8s
apollo官网:官方地址 apollo架构图: apollo需要使用数据库,这里使用mysql,注意版本需要在5.6以上: 本次环境mysql部署在10.4.7.11上,使用mariadb:10.1 ...
- kubernetes实战之consul简单测试环境搭建及填坑
这一节内容有点长,我们将介绍如何基于docker搭建一client一server的consul测试环境,以及如何搭建多server consul测试集群.在基于docker搭建多server的cons ...
- K8S(12)配置中心实战-多环境交付apollo三组件
k8s配置中心实战-多环境交付apollo三组件 目录 k8s配置中心实战-多环境交付apollo三组件 1.环境准备工作 1.1 zk环境拆分 1.2 namespace分环境 1.3 数据库拆分 ...
- 【第十四章】 springboot + profile(不同环境读取不同配置)
具体做法: 不同环境的配置设置一个配置文件,例如:dev环境下的配置配置在application-dev.properties中:prod环境下的配置配置在application-prod.prope ...
- 第十四章 springboot + profile(不同环境读取不同配置)
具体做法: 不同环境的配置设置一个配置文件,例如:dev环境下的配置配置在application-dev.properties中:prod环境下的配置配置在application-prod.prope ...
- kubernetes实战(二十九):Kubernetes RBAC实现不同用户在不同Namespace的不同权限
1.基本说明 在生产环境使用k8s以后,大部分应用都实现了高可用,不仅降低了维护成本,也简化了很多应用的部署成本,但是同时也带来了诸多问题.比如开发可能需要查看自己的应用状态.连接信息.日志.执行命令 ...
- Redis高可用集群-哨兵模式(Redis-Sentinel)搭建配置教程【Windows环境】
No cross,no crown . 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹. Redis哨兵模式,用现在流行的话可以说就是一个"哨兵机器人",给"哨兵机器人"进行相应的配置 ...
- apollo配置中心初探
近在搞微服务框架的开发,需要有一个配置中心来满足统一管理业务应用以及组件的配置,在此期间也使用了多个配置中心比如:spring cloud config,自研的配置中心,当然还有apollo. spr ...
- GO学习-(3) VS Code配置Go语言开发环境
VS Code配置Go语言开发环境 VS Code配置Go语言开发环境 说在前面的话,Go语言是采用UTF8编码的,理论上使用任何文本编辑器都能做Go语言开发.大家可以根据自己的喜好自行选择.编辑器/ ...
随机推荐
- Linux三剑客grep、awk和sed
grep,sed 和 awk是Linux/Unix 系统中常用的三个文本处理的命令行工具,称为文本处理三剑客.本文将简要介绍这三个命令并给出基本用法. 管道 在介绍这两个命令之前,有必要介绍一下Uni ...
- Windows DHCP最佳实践(四)
这是Windows DHCP最佳实践和技巧的最终指南. 如果您有任何最佳做法或技巧,请在下面的评论中发布它们. 在本指南(四)中,我将分享以下DHCP最佳实践和技巧. 使用DHCP中继代理 防止恶意D ...
- Docker安装配置及华为云镜像加速
Docker华为云镜像加速 软件介绍 支持的操作系统 docker安装 docker镜像加速(华为云实现) 1.登录华为云网站,注册华为云账户 2.登录华为云账户,点击网页右上角的控制台 3.点击左上 ...
- Flutter 自定义列表以及本地图片引用
前言 上篇关于Flutter的文章总结了下标签+导航的项目模式的搭建,具体的有需要的可以去看看Flutter分类的文章,这篇文章我们简单的总结一下关于Flutter本地文件引用以及简单的自定义List ...
- 输入12V,输出12V的限流芯片
随着手机充电电流的提升,和设备的多样化,USB限流芯片就随着需求的增加而越来越多,同时为了更好的保护电子设备,需要进行一路或者多路的负载进行限流. USB限流芯片,5V输入 1, PW1502,常使用 ...
- python(re正则)
import re #导入模块 info = 'qwewwer12332423kdsjfkl2342kdjfl213nkafal123123' 例1: res1 = re.compile('er( ...
- VS2019中scanf返回值被忽略的问题及其解决方法
目录 [问题](#昨天在使用Visual Studio 2019编写C语言程序时遇到了scanf返回值被忽略问题) 问题原因 方法① 方法② 方法③ 方法④ 昨天在使用Visual Studio 20 ...
- AWS Lightsail 开启 Root 登陆权限
将下面代码中的第一句中的 Passwd 改为自己将要设置的密码,否则默认 root 密码为 Passwd. #!/bin/bash echo root:Passwd |sudo chpasswd ro ...
- python 9学习 高级特性
高级特性 掌握了Python的数据类型. 语句 和函数,基本上就可以编写出很多有用的程序了. 比如构造一个1, 3, 5, 7, ..., 99的列表,可以通过循环实现: L = [] n ...
- 类型检查 Type Checking 一些编程语言并不安全 类型化语言的优点 定型环境 (符号表) 断言的种类
Compiler http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~bjhua/courses/compiler/2014/ http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~bjhua/cour ...