C# 文件与目录的基本操作(System.IO)

1. 文件操作

/// <summary>

/// 文件读写操作

/// 为简化代码供大家学习,暂不考虑捕捉异常

/// </summary>

public partial class TestIO : DevComponents.DotNetBar.Office2007Form

{

    public TestIO()

    {

        InitializeComponent();

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 创建文件

    /// </summary>

    private void btnCreateFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string path = Application.StartupPath + @"\Test.txt";

        FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create);

        StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs);

        sw.WriteLine("This is a test file.");

        sw.WriteLine("This is second line.");

        sw.Close();

        fs.Close();

        // 也可以这样创建 StreamWriter

        // StreamWriter sw = File.CreateText(path);

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 读取文件

    /// </summary>

    private void btnReadFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string path = Application.StartupPath + "\\Test.txt";

        textBoxX1.Text = string.Empty;

        if (File.Exists(path))

        {

            FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open);

            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fs);

            // 也可以这样创建 StreamReader

            // File.OpenText(path);

            string str = string.Empty;

            while (true)

            {

                str = sr.ReadLine();

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))

                {

                    textBoxX1.Text += str + "\r\n";

                }

                else

                {

                    sr.Close();

                    fs.Close();

                    break;

                }

            }

        }

        else

        {

            MessageBox.Show("指定的路径下不存在此文件!");

        }

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 追加文件内容

    /// </summary>

    private void btnAppendFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string path = Application.StartupPath + "\\Test.txt";

        FileStream fs = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append);

        StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs);

        // 也可以这样创建 StreamReader

        // StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText(path);

        sw.WriteLine("This is three line.");

        sw.Close();

        fs.Close();

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 复制文件

    /// </summary>

    private void btnCopyFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string oldPath = Application.StartupPath + "\\Test.txt";

        string newPath = Application.StartupPath + "\\TestClone.txt";

        File.Copy(oldPath, newPath);

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 删除文件

    /// </summary>

    private void btnDeleteFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string path = Application.StartupPath + "\\TestClone.txt";

        File.Delete(path);

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 移动文件

    /// </summary>

    private void btnMoveFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string oldPath = Application.StartupPath + "\\Test.txt";

        // 移动文件的同时也可以使用新的文件名

        string newPath = "d:\\NewTest.txt";

        File.Move(oldPath, newPath);

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 创建目录

    /// </summary>

    private void btnCreateDirectory_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string path1 = "d:\\Jason1";

        // 创建目录 Jason1

        DirectoryInfo dDepth1 = Directory.CreateDirectory(path1);

        // dDepth2 指向 dDepth1 创建的子目录 Jason2

        DirectoryInfo dDepth2 = dDepth1.CreateSubdirectory("Jason2");

        // 设置应用程序当前的工作目录为 dDepth2 指向的目录

        Directory.SetCurrentDirectory(dDepth2.FullName);

        // 在当前目录创建目录 Jason3

        Directory.CreateDirectory("Jason3");

    }

    private void btnDeleteDirectory_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string path = "d:\\Jason1";

        DeleteDirectory(path);

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 删除目录及其所有子目录,文件

    /// </summary>

    private static void DeleteDirectory(string path)

    {

        if (Directory.Exists(path))

        {

            foreach (string str in Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path))

            {

                if (File.Exists(str))

                {

                    File.Delete(str);

                }

                else

                {

                    DeleteDirectory(str);

                }

            }

            Directory.Delete(path);

        }

        else

        {

            MessageBox.Show("该目录不存在!");

        }

    }

    private void btnCopyDirectory_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

    {

        string sourcePath = "d:\\Jason1";

        string targetPath = "d:\\Jason2";

        CopyDirectory(sourcePath, targetPath);

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 复制目录及其所有内容

    /// </summary>

    /// <param name="sourcePath">源目录</param>

    /// <param name="targetPath">目标目录</param>

    private void CopyDirectory(string sourcePath, string targetPath)

    {

        // 该字符用于在反映分层文件系统组织的路径字符串中分隔目录级别(msdn)

        // 在windows系统下实质上是为目录路径加上"\\"

        if (targetPath[targetPath.Length - 1] != Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)

        {

            targetPath += Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;

        }

        // 目标目录不存在则创建之

        if (!Directory.Exists(targetPath))

        {

            Directory.CreateDirectory(targetPath);

        }

        // 获取文件系统(含目录和文件)

        string[] fileList = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(sourcePath);

        foreach (string fileName in fileList)

        {

            if (Directory.Exists(fileName))

            {

                // Path.GetFileName(fileName) 可取出最后一个分级目录名或文件名

                CopyDirectory(fileName, targetPath + Path.GetFileName(fileName));

            }

            else

            {

                // true 为可覆盖

                File.Copy(fileName, targetPath + Path.GetFileName(fileName), true);

            }

        }

    }

}