Hbase常用操作

下面我们看看HBase Shell的一些基本操作命令，我列出了几个常用的HBase Shell命令，如

名称	命令表达式
创建表	create '表名称', '列名称1','列名称2','列名称N'
添加记录	put '表名称', '行名称', '列名称:', '值'
查看记录	get '表名称', '行名称'
查看表中的记录总数	count  '表名称'
删除记录	delete  '表名' ,'行名称' , '列名称'
删除一张表	先要屏蔽该表，才能对该表进行删除，第一步 disable '表名称' 第二步  drop '表名称'
查看所有记录	scan "表名称"
查看某个表某个列中所有数据	scan "表名称" , ['列名称:']
更新记录	就是重写一遍进行覆盖

下面是一些常见命令的说明，在hbaseshell中输入help的帮助信息，在本文中，我们先介绍前3个，后面2个，将在下一篇博文中介绍。

COMMAND GROUPS:

Group name: general

Commands: status, version

Group name: ddl

Commands: alter, create, describe, disable,drop, enable, exists, is_disabled, is_enabled, list

Group name: dml

Commands: count, delete, deleteall, get,get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate

Group name: tools

Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer,close_region, compact, flush, major_compact, move, split, unassign, zk_dump

Group name: replication

Commands: add_peer, disable_peer,enable_peer, remove_peer, start_replication, stop_replication

一、一般操作

1.查询服务器状态

hbase(main):024:0>status

3 servers, 0 dead,1.0000 average load

2.查询hbase版本

hbase(main):025:0>version

0.90.4, r1150278,Sun Jul 24 15:53:29 PDT 2011

二、DDL操作

1.创建一个表

hbase(main):011:0>create 'member','member_id','address','info'

0 row(s) in 1.2210seconds

2.获得表的描述

hbase(main):012:0>list

TABLE

member

1 row(s) in 0.0160seconds

hbase(main):006:0>describe 'member'

DESCRIPTION                                                                                          ENABLED

{NAME => 'member', FAMILIES => [{NAME=> 'address', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', true

VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE',TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'fa

lse', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME =>'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSI

ONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL=> '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false',

BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}

1 row(s) in 0.0230seconds

3.删除一个列族，alter，disable，enable

我们之前建了3个列族，但是发现member_id这个列族是多余的，因为他就是主键，所以我们要将其删除。

hbase(main):003:0>alter 'member',{NAME=>'member_id',METHOD=>'delete'}

ERROR: Table memberis enabled. Disable it first before altering.

报错，删除列族的时候必须先将表给disable掉。

hbase(main):004:0>disable 'member'

0 row(s) in 2.0390seconds

hbase(main):005:0>alter'member',{NAME=>'member_id',METHOD=>'delete'}

0 row(s) in 0.0560seconds

hbase(main):006:0>describe 'member'

DESCRIPTION                                                                                          ENABLED

{NAME => 'member', FAMILIES => [{NAME=> 'address', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0',false

VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE',TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'fa

lse', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME =>'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSI

ONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL=> '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false',

BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}

1 row(s) in 0.0230seconds

该列族已经删除，我们继续将表enable

hbase(main):008:0> enable 'member'

0 row(s) in 2.0420seconds

4.列出所有的表

hbase(main):028:0>list

TABLE

member

temp_table

2 row(s) in 0.0150seconds

5.drop一个表

hbase(main):029:0>disable 'temp_table'

0 row(s) in 2.0590seconds

hbase(main):030:0>drop 'temp_table'

0 row(s) in 1.1070seconds

6.查询表是否存在

hbase(main):021:0>exists 'member'

Table member doesexist

0 row(s) in 0.1610seconds

7.判断表是否enable

hbase(main):034:0>is_enabled 'member'

true

0 row(s) in 0.0110seconds

8.判断表是否disable

hbase(main):032:0>is_disabled 'member'

false

0 row(s) in 0.0110seconds

三、DML操作

1.插入几条记录

put'member','scutshuxue','info:age','24'

put'member','scutshuxue','info:birthday','1987-06-17'

put'member','scutshuxue','info:company','alibaba'

put'member','scutshuxue','address:contry','china'

put'member','scutshuxue','address:province','zhejiang'

put'member','scutshuxue','address:city','hangzhou'

put'member','xiaofeng','info:birthday','1987-4-17'

put'member','xiaofeng','info:favorite','movie'

put'member','xiaofeng','info:company','alibaba'

put'member','xiaofeng','address:contry','china'

put'member','xiaofeng','address:province','guangdong'

put'member','xiaofeng','address:city','jieyang'

put'member','xiaofeng','address:town','xianqiao'

2.获取一条数据

获取一个id的所有数据

hbase(main):001:0>get 'member','scutshuxue'

COLUMN                                   CELL

address:city                           timestamp=1321586240244, value=hangzhou

address:contry                         timestamp=1321586239126, value=china

address:province                       timestamp=1321586239197, value=zhejiang

info:age                               timestamp=1321586238965, value=24

info:birthday                          timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17

info:company                           timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba

6 row(s) in 0.4720seconds

获取一个id，一个列族的所有数据

hbase(main):002:0>get 'member','scutshuxue','info'

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321586238965, value=24

info:birthday                          timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17

info:company                           timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba

3 row(s) in 0.0210seconds

获取一个id，一个列族中一个列的所有数据

hbase(main):002:0>get 'member','scutshuxue','info:age'

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321586238965, value=24

1 row(s) in 0.0320seconds

6.更新一条记录

将scutshuxue的年龄改成99

hbase(main):004:0>put 'member','scutshuxue','info:age' ,'99'

0 row(s) in 0.0210seconds

hbase(main):005:0>get 'member','scutshuxue','info:age'

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321586571843, value=99

1 row(s) in 0.0180seconds

3.通过timestamp来获取两个版本的数据

hbase(main):010:0>get 'member','scutshuxue',{COLUMN=>'info:age',TIMESTAMP=>1321586238965}

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321586238965, value=24

1 row(s) in 0.0140seconds

hbase(main):011:0>get 'member','scutshuxue',{COLUMN=>'info:age',TIMESTAMP=>1321586571843}

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321586571843, value=99

1 row(s) in 0.0180seconds

4.全表扫描：

hbase(main):013:0>scan 'member'

ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL

scutshuxue                             column=address:city, timestamp=1321586240244, value=hangzhou

scutshuxue                             column=address:contry, timestamp=1321586239126, value=china

scutshuxue                             column=address:province, timestamp=1321586239197, value=zhejiang

scutshuxue                              column=info:age,timestamp=1321586571843, value=99

scutshuxue                             column=info:birthday, timestamp=1321586239015, value=1987-06-17

scutshuxue                             column=info:company, timestamp=1321586239071, value=alibaba

temp                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1321589609775, value=59

xiaofeng                               column=address:city, timestamp=1321586248400, value=jieyang

xiaofeng                               column=address:contry, timestamp=1321586248316, value=china

xiaofeng                               column=address:province, timestamp=1321586248355, value=guangdong

xiaofeng                               column=address:town, timestamp=1321586249564, value=xianqiao

xiaofeng                               column=info:birthday, timestamp=1321586248202, value=1987-4-17

xiaofeng                               column=info:company, timestamp=1321586248277, value=alibaba

xiaofeng                               column=info:favorite, timestamp=1321586248241, value=movie

3 row(s) in 0.0570seconds

5.删除id为temp的值的‘info:age’字段

hbase(main):016:0>delete 'member','temp','info:age'

0 row(s) in 0.0150seconds

hbase(main):018:0>get 'member','temp'

COLUMN                                   CELL

0 row(s) in 0.0150seconds

6.删除整行

hbase(main):001:0>deleteall 'member','xiaofeng'

0 row(s) in 0.3990seconds

7.查询表中有多少行：

hbase(main):019:0>count 'member'

2 row(s) in 0.0160seconds

8.给‘xiaofeng’这个id增加'info:age'字段，并使用counter实现递增

hbase(main):057:0*incr 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'

COUNTER VALUE = 1

hbase(main):058:0>get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321590997648, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01

1 row(s) in 0.0140seconds

hbase(main):059:0>incr 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'

COUNTER VALUE = 2

hbase(main):060:0>get 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'

COLUMN                                   CELL

info:age                               timestamp=1321591025110, value=\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02

1 row(s) in 0.0160seconds

获取当前count的值

hbase(main):069:0>get_counter 'member','xiaofeng','info:age'

COUNTER VALUE = 2

9.将整张表清空：

hbase(main):035:0>truncate 'member'

Truncating 'member'table (it may take a while):

- Disabling table...

- Dropping table...

- Creating table...

0 row(s) in 4.3430seconds

可以看出，hbase是先将掉disable掉，然后drop掉后重建表来实现truncate的功能的。