"Management" by Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter现代管理科学理论

现代管理科学理论：

Major Approaches to Management

3000 BC – 1776: Early Management

1911 – 1947 Late: Classical Approach

1700s – 1950s: Behavioral Approach

1940s – 1950s: Quantitative Approach

1960s – present: Contemporary Approaches

Contemporary(1960s – present) approaches:

• System approach
• Contingency approach
• Technology and Computerization

Quantitative(1940s – 1950s) approach:

• Early Advocates
• Hawthorne Studies
• Organizational Behavior

Behavioral(1700s – 1950s) Approach:

Classical(1911 – 1947 Late) Approaches:

Two major theories compose the classical approach:

• General Administrative: focuses on describing what managers do and what constitutes good management practice
• Scientific Management: involves using the scientific method to find the “one best way” for a job to be done
  
  emphasized rationality of individuals
  
  and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible.

Historical(3000 BC – 1776) Backgroud:

• Early Examples of Management
• Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations
• Industrial Revolution