配置静态监听解决ORA-12514错误的案例

今天做Linux下DG配置的时候，遇到一个现象。tnsname.ora文件配置都正常，tnsping也正常，监听也正常。可是仍然报ORA-12514错误：

SQL> set lin 130 pages 130 

SQL> select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;

   DEST_ID ERROR

---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------

         1

         2 ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service

           requested in connect descriptor

         3

         4

         5

         6

         7

         8

         9

        10

--查看主库监听

SQL> !lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:31:46

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

Start Date                08-OCT-2014 10:34:51

Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 56 min. 54 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prd" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

--tnsnames.ora文件内容

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SID = PLSExtProc)

      (PRESENTATION = RO)

    )

  )

PRD =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = prd)

    )

  )

STD =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = prd)

    )

  )

--主库tnsping測试网络服务名是否正常

SQL> !tnsping prd

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:35

Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))

OK (10 msec)

SQL> !tnsping std

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:43

Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))

OK (20 msec)

--查看备库监听

[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:29:52

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

Start Date                08-OCT-2014 09:41:41

Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 48 min. 11 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "std" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

--查看备库远程归档路径

SQL> set lin 130 pages 130 

SQL> col error for a20

SQL> select dest_id,error,status from v$archive_dest;

   DEST_ID ERROR                STATUS

---------- -------------------- ---------

         1                      VALID

         2                      VALID

         3                      INACTIVE

         4                      INACTIVE

         5                      INACTIVE

         6                      INACTIVE

         7                      INACTIVE

         8                      INACTIVE

         9                      INACTIVE

        10                      INACTIVE

        11                      VALID

--备库tnsping測试网络server名是否正常

SQL> !tnsping prd

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:40

Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))

OK (20 msec)

SQL> !tnsping std

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:44

Copyright (c) 1997,  2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))

OK (10 msec)

tnsping測试下来也都是通的，这就比較奇怪了，可是ORA-12514错误非常明显是指监听方面的问题。导致服务名无法解析，因为主备库採用的是同一个实例名，因此两边的instance_name用的都是prd，乍一看好像非常正常，可是解析确实出现了问题，那么怎么办呢？

之前只不过给server配置了一个动态监听，内容例如以下：

--主库监听listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (PROGRAM = extproc)

    )

  )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

    )

  )

--主库监听listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (PROGRAM = extproc)

    )

  )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

    )

  )

能够看到。差别不过主机名不同而已。一个是prd，还有一个是std，静态监听并未配置，即SID_LIST_LISTENER这一项里面的栏目，那么如今为主备库都配置一个监听。

静态监听能够用netmgr配置，这里为了方便，不再进入图形界面运行该命令。而是直接通过改动listener.ora文件来达到目的。其效果是一样的。在原来的listener.ora文件里的SID_LIST_LISTENER中加入例如以下内容（红色部分）：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

   (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = prd)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = prd)

    )

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (PROGRAM = extproc)

    )

  )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

    )

  )

注意，加上的内容中。SID_NAME，即instance_name，而GLOBAL_DBNAME，即tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME，因为tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME都是prd，因此这里的两个名字是一样的，不会有什么影响，把改动好的文件替换掉原文件。再又一次载入监听文件

SQL> !

[oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl reload

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

[oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

Start Date                08-OCT-2014 10:34:51

Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 20 min. 33 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prd" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@prd ~]$ 

注意，这个UNKNOW的prd实例相应的服务名prd就是刚才我们通过静态监听发现的服务名，同那样地，备库也又一次载入监听：

[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl reload

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:15

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

Start Date                08-OCT-2014 09:41:41

Uptime                    0 days 3 hr. 15 min. 44 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))

Services Summary...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "prd" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "std" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

能够看到。此时备库也多了一个UNKNOWN的，和实例名prd相应的服务prd

--再次查看主库远程归档路径状态

SQL> select dest_id,status,error from v$archive_dest_status;

   DEST_ID STATUS    ERROR

---------- --------- --------------------

         1 VALID

         2 VALID

         3 INACTIVE

         4 INACTIVE

         5 INACTIVE

         6 INACTIVE

         7 INACTIVE

         8 INACTIVE

         9 INACTIVE

        10 INACTIVE

原来dest_id=2的那个远程归档路径的ORA-12514的问题攻克了。此时归档日志就能够通过网路远程传输到备库对应的归档路径中了，再运行redo apply也不会有不论什么问题了。

总结：

这个案例是因为主备库都採用了同一个实例名产生的问题，当我们仅仅配置一个默认的动态监听。会发现主库无法监听到远程备库的相应服务，通过静态监听手动加入上与实例名相应的服务。才干解决问题。

使用静态监听的还有一个优点是，当Oracle数据库实例还没有启动的时候，就会先把相应的服务和实例名。通过静态配置的监听文件给启动起来。而不是等启动实例后由pmon进程再去启动。这样速度更快。不用再等待若干秒，我们的client就能够通过静态监听马上脸上数据库server了。也就是说，能够不依赖server进程，完毕监听的工作。