oracle-asm,acfs

两个类比
asm与lvm比较
asm实例与oracle实例比较

ASM是OMF的一个扩展，通过ASM和OMF的结合，oracle在上层将数据文件进行自我管理，在底层将存储进行自我管理。同时，ASM模式下，备份恢复只能由rman来承担，真正做到了“3M融合”。同时也是向上兼容的体现，简化RAC中存储端的配置。

oracle将extents播撒在它所管理的磁盘组的磁盘上，与LVM基本对应。
ASM diskgroup          VG
ASM disk        　　　　PV
ASM file       　　　　   LV

ASM实例和oracle实例都是由SGA和一堆后台进程构成，但他们所面对的对象是不同的，oracle实例管理的是数据库，而ASM实例用于对磁盘组的管理。
启动和停止实例的命令也基本一样。
 NOMOUNT ：仅启动实例
 MOUNT 、OPEN：启动实例并加载磁盘，注意加载的是磁盘组，OPEN选项对于ASM实例无意义，等同于MOUNT
 FORCE ：相当于先执行shutdown abort，然后再startup
但是，ASM 实例没有数据字典之类的东东存储用户系统。

[root@rac02 ~]# acfsutil --help

Usage: acfsutil [-h] command ...   # (Version 11.2.0.1.0.0)

             -h - help

 Command Subcmd Arguments
-------- ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
    help                                 - display this message
 version                                 - display ACFS version information
    info fs                              - Display all ACFS file systems
    info fs     [<path> ...]             - Display specific ACFS file sys
    info fs     -o <item> <path>         - Display specific file sys item:
    info fs     -o                           freespace,    totalspace,
    info fs     -o                           mountpoints,  volumes,
    info fs     -o                           available,    ismountpoint,
    info fs     -o                           isavailable,  iscorrupt,
    info fs     -o                           isadvm,       diskgroup,
    info fs     -o                           redundancy,   resizeincrement,
    info fs     -o                           stripewidth,  stripecolumns,
    info fs     -o                           primaryvolume
    info file   <path> [<path> ...]      - Display specific file info
    info id     <file-identifier> <mountpoint> -
    info id           Display the pathname associated with the given
    info id           ACFS file identifier and mountpoint.
    rmfs        <device>                 - Remove unmounted ACFS file sys
    size        [-|+]nnn[K|M|G|T|P] [-d <device>] <path> - Resize file system
registry        [-l]                     - Display registry contents
registry        -l <mountpoint>          - Display a specific mount point
registry        -l <device>              - Display a specific device
registry        -m <device>              - Display a specific mount point associated with a device
registry        -a [-f] [-o <opts>] [-n <nodes>] <device> <mountpoint> - Add a mount point
registry        -d [<mountpoint> | <device>] - Delete a mount point or a device
    tune        AcfsMaxOpenFiles         - Maximum number of open files
    tune                                   (Windows only)
    snap create <snap_name> <mountpoint> - create a file system snapshot
    snap delete <snap_name> <mountpoint> - delete a file system snapshot
[root@rac02 ~]# acfsutil registry -l
Device : /dev/asm/archlv- : Mount Point : /archive : Options : none : Nodes : all : Disk Group : ARCH : Volume : ARCHLV
[root@rac02 ~]# acfsutil info fs
/archive
    ACFS Version: 11.2.0.1.0.0
    flags:        MountPoint,Available
    mount time:   Wed Nov  ::
    volumes:
    total size:
    total free:
    primary volume: /dev/asm/archlv-
        label:
        flags:                 Primary,Available,ADVM
        on-disk version:       39.0
        allocation unit:
        major, minor:          ,
        size:
        free:
        ADVM diskgroup         ARCH
        ADVM resize increment:
        ADVM redundancy:       unprotected
        ADVM stripe columns:
        ADVM stripe width:
    number of snapshots:
    snapshot space usage:

####oracle ASM     安装这三个包
[root@rac01 /]# rpm -qa|grep oracl
oracleasm-2.6.18-308.el5-2.0.5-1.el5
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5
[root@rac01 /]# find / -name oracleasm
/sys/module/oracleasm
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/drivers/addon/oracleasm
/proc/fs/oracleasm
/usr/lib/oracleasm
/usr/sbin/oracleasm
/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracleasm
/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm
/dev/oracleasm
/var/log/oracleasm

####配置ASMlib，再使用ASMlib之前，必须运行配置脚本准备驱动程序
/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
/etc/init.d/oracleasm enable
####检查驱动加载情况
[root@rac01 dev]# lsmod | grep oracleasm
检查oracleasmfs文件系统：
[root@rac01 ~]# df -a |head -1;df -a | grep oracleasm
asm disk创建成功后，会在/dev/oracleasm/disks目录下有相应的文件
[root@rac01 ~]# cat /var/log/oracleasm 及时查看日志
创建asm磁盘
[root@rac01 ~]# fdisk -l
[root@rac01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf
[root@rac01 ~]# partprobe
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm --help
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ARCHVOL1 /dev/sde1
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk CRSVOL1 /dev/sdc1
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATAVOL1 /dev/sdf1
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk FLASHVOL1 /dev/sdd1
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm scandisks
[root@rac02 ~]# oracleasm listdisks
ARCHVOL1
CRSVOL1
DATAVOL1
FLASHVOL1
[root@rac02 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -p ARCHVOL1
Disk "ARCHVOL1" is a valid ASM disk
/dev/sde1: LABEL="ARCHVOL1" TYPE="oracleasm"
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d ARCHVOL1
Disk "ARCHVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sde1[8,65]
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d CRSVOL1
Disk "CRSVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sdc1[8,33]
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d DATAVOL1
Disk "DATAVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sdf1[8,81]
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d FLASHVOL1
Disk "FLASHVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sdd1[8,49]

SQL> select * from v$asm_client;
SQL> select * from v$asm_diskgroup;    4块盘，4个磁盘组
http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/6134071         ASM 磁盘、目录的管理
创建asm磁盘组
切换到 grid 用户下，执行 ASMCA 创建 ASM 磁盘组
要在 ASM diskgroup 上创建 Oracle ADVM volume，diskgroup 的 COMPATIBLE.ASM和COMPATIBLE.ADVM兼容性必须 设置为 11.2.0.2。
可以在创建磁盘组时选择“Advanced Options”设置diskgroup的该属性，也可以通过 sql 命令创建磁盘组或者修改磁盘组的该属性，

创建Oracle ADVM volume
ASMCMD [+] > volcreate -G GOLDENGATE -s 1900m GOLDENGATE

创建Oracle ACFS 文件系统
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/goldengate-
在节点1和2上分别创建 ACFS 文件系统的挂载点
在集群 mount registery 中注册刚刚创建的 ACFS 文件系统，也可以不注册，直接手动挂载。注册 ACFS 文件系统的好处是在集群每隔30秒检查 mount registery 时会在每个节点自动挂载该文件系统，同时当集群软件或系统重启后也会自动挂载该文件系统。
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/acfsutil registry -a /dev/asm/goldengate- /home/oracle/ggs
acfsutil registry: mount point /home/oracle/ggs successfully added to Oracle Registry
手动挂载命令如下：
[root@rac1 ~]# /bin/mount -t acfs /dev/asm/goldengate- /home/oracle/ggs
执行注册命令后等待30秒，然后在各节点查看ACFS文件系统是否挂载
[root@rac1 ~]# df -h
[root@rac2 ~]# df -h

测试文件系统
[root@rac1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/ggs
第一节点
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo "Oracle ACFS File System" > /home/oracle/ggs/acfs.log
[oracle@rac1 ggs]$ more /home/oracle/ggs/acfs.log
Oracle ACFS File System
第二节点
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ more /home/oracle/ggs/acfs.log
Oracle ACFS File System

####下面是一个已设置好的实例，所以只查看相关信息
[root@rac02 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac02 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
+ASM2
####如果没有上面的，就会连接到一个空的实例上
[oracle@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD>
[grid@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd -p
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8:zh_CN.gb2312"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "en_US.UTF-8:zh_CN.gb2312"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
ASMCMD [+] > lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N                                                                                N  ARCH/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N                                                                                N  CRS/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N                                                                       N  DATA/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N                                                                            N  FLASH/
ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk
Path
ORCL:ARCHVOL1
ORCL:CRSVOL1
ORCL:DATAVOL1
ORCL:FLASHVOL1
ASMCMD [+] > lsct
DB_Name  Status     Software_Version  Compatible_version  Instance_Name  Disk_Group
+ASM     CONNECTED        11.2.0.1.          11.2.0.1.  +ASM2          CRS
asmvol   CONNECTED        11.2.0.1.          11.2.0.1.  +ASM2          ARCH
bus      CONNECTED        11.2.0.1.          11.2.0.0.  bus            DATA
bus      CONNECTED        11.2.0.1.          11.2.0.0.  bus            FLASH
ASMCMD [+] > help lsof
        lsof [-G dgroup] [--dbname dbname] [-C clientinstname]

        Lists the open files in an ASM instance.
        [--dbname <dbname>]    list files only from database <dbname>
        [-G <dgname>]          list files only from from disk group <dgname>
        [-C <clientinstname>]  list files only from instance <clientinstname>
ASMCMD [+] > lsof --dbname asmvol
DB_Name  Instance_Name  Path
asmvol   +ASM2          +arch/ARCHLV.256.828288767
ASMCMD [+] > lsof --dbname bus
DB_Name  Instance_Name  Path
bus      bus            +data/bus/changetracking/ctf.1271.843239387
bus      bus            +data/bus/controlfile/current.507.843164017
bus      bus            +data/bus/datafile/example.263.843164031

ASMCMD [+] > volinfo -a
Diskgroup Name: ARCH

Volume Name: ARCHLV
Volume Device: /dev/asm/archlv-215
State: ENABLED
Size (MB): 102144
Resize Unit (MB): 256
Redundancy: UNPROT
Stripe Columns: 4
Stripe Width (K): 128
Usage: ACFS
Mountpath: /archive

ASMCMD [+] > volstat

DISKGROUP NUMBER / NAME:   / ARCH
---------------------------------------
  VOLUME_NAME
     READS           BYTES_READ      READ_TIME       READ_ERRS
     WRITES          BYTES_WRITTEN   WRITE_TIME      WRITE_ERRS
  -------------------------------------------------------------
  ARCHLV

ASMCMD [+] > volinfo -G ARCH ARCHLV
Diskgroup Name: ARCH

         Volume Name: ARCHLV
         Volume Device: /dev/asm/archlv-
         State: ENABLED
         Size (MB):
         Resize Unit (MB):
         Redundancy: UNPROT
         Stripe Columns:
         Stripe Width (K):
         Usage: ACFS
         Mountpath: /archive
ASMCMD [+] > pwd
+
ASMCMD [+] > ls
ARCH/
CRS/
DATA/
FLASH/
ASMCMD [+] > cd flash
ASMCMD [+flash] > ls
BUS/
FLT/
MAN/
ASMCMD [+crs/rac-cluster] > du ocrfile
Used_MB      Mirror_used_MB

ASMCMD [+data/bus/tempfile] > ls -l
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
TEMPFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   NOV  ::  Y    TEMP.266.843164027
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > iostat
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads           Writes
ARCH        ARCHVOL1
CRS         CRSVOL1
DATA        DATAVOL1
FLASH       FLASHVOL1
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > iostat --io
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads     Writes
ARCH        ARCHVOL1
CRS         CRSVOL1
DATA        DATAVOL1
FLASH       FLASHVOL1
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > iostat -t
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads           Writes        Read_Time       Write_Time
ARCH        ARCHVOL1                     .              .
CRS         CRSVOL1                    3.835           .
DATA        DATAVOL1       2107092.656861  160237.009142
FLASH       FLASHVOL1        3062.787        715411.780234
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lsdsk --statistics
   Reads     Write  Read_Errs  Write_Errs       Read_time     Write_Time      Bytes_Read  Bytes_Written  Voting_File  Path
                                               .           .                               N  ORCL:ARCHVOL1
                                           3.838           .                             Y  ORCL:CRSVOL1
                         2107092.775861  160237.608142                 N  ORCL:DATAVOL1
                                3062.794  715412.346234                   N  ORCL:FLASHVOL1
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > help lsod
        lsod [-H] [-G <group>] [--process <proc>] [disk]

        Displays the open devices

        -G <group> Filters devices belonging to diskgroup <group>

        --process <proc>  Filters processes of name <proc>.

        <disk>     Filters disks of name <disk>.

        -H         Suppresses column header from the output.

ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lsod
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
        oracle@rac02 (DBW0)        ORCL:ARCHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (DBW0)        ORCL:CRSVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (DBW0)        ORCL:DATAVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (DBW0)        ORCL:FLASHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (GMON)        ORCL:ARCHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (GMON)        ORCL:CRSVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (GMON)        ORCL:DATAVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (GMON)        ORCL:FLASHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (LGWR)        ORCL:ARCHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (LGWR)        ORCL:CRSVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (LGWR)        ORCL:DATAVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (LGWR)        ORCL:FLASHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:ARCHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:ARCHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:CRSVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:CRSVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:DATAVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:DATAVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:FLASHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (RBAL)        ORCL:FLASHVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (TNS V1-V3)   ORCL:CRSVOL1
        oracle@rac02 (VBG0)        ORCL:ARCHVOL1
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > help lstmpl
        lstmpl [-Hl] [-G dgname] [pattern]

        Lists ASM templates in a disk group.
        [-G dgname] shows the templates that belong to a certain disk group.
        [-l]        shows detailed information about the templates.
        [-H]        supress headers.
        [pattern]   filter out template names that match a given pattern.

ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lstmpl
Group_Name  Group_Num  Name
ARCH                  ARCHIVELOG
ARCH                  ASMPARAMETERBAKFILE
ARCH                  ASMPARAMETERFILE
ARCH                  ASM_STALE
ARCH                  AUTOBACKUP
ARCH                  BACKUPSET
ASMCMD [+data/bus] > help lspwusr
        lspwusr [-H]

        List the users from an orapwd file.

        [-H]          suppress headers

ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lspwusr
Username sysdba sysoper sysasm
     SYS   TRUE    TRUE   TRUE
 ASMSNMP   TRUE   FALSE  FALSE
  SYSASM  FALSE   FALSE   TRUE

多实例的启动，先启动asm实例，再启动bus或man实例。

1.13 启动 ASM 数据库的步骤
由于启动 ASM 数据库必须要先启动ASM 实例, 所以基本上启动步骤如下.
1) 先启动ASM实例
$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup;
SQL> exit;
2) 再启动数据库
$ export ORACLE_SID=EUIS
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup;
SQL> exit;

单instance使用ASM

rac环境使用ASM

使用ASM必须先启动CSS服务，只有启动ASM服务，ASM磁盘组才可以被挂载

Cluster Synchronization Services daemon

[root@rac02 bin]# ./localconfig add 　　启动CSS服务

[root@rac02 bin]# find /u01 -name localconfig
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/utl/localconfig

11g里没有localconfig了。你需要安装grid。用crs_start 命令来启动，要单独用GRID软件

Oracle Grid Infrastructure
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/index-094679-zhs.html

[root@rac02 bin]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac02 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD> startup
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01005: null password given; logon denied
Connected to an idle instance.

查看自己的环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.3
跟运行的不一样，所以所环境变量改好就行了。

ASMCMD-08102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run

11G R2 有专门的grid用户维护ASM和cluster ware
而且你看看你的ASMinstance到底启动了没？
看看进程也行啊

两种方式　　sqlplus  /  as sysasm和grid用户的asmcmd命令

11g r2 不能用 sqlplus / as sysdba这样启动的 用 sqlplus  /  as sysasm

ps -ef | grep asm*

从上面看，ASM instance好像已经起来了
但是我使用grid 用户，asmcmd 进去之后，任何的命令都无法执行
报错提示全部都是：ASMCMD-08102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run

我用 sysasm 启动也是这样，说已经有实例在运行了，现在关也关不掉，难道让我重启服务器吗？

正如楼上说的，这是环境变量设置错误的结果
我当时做实验的时候没有新建grid用户，所以，我的操作是
export  ORACLE_SID=+ASM
export  ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

可以看出diskgroup没有mount,所以先把diskgroup mount