Mybatis事务（一）事务管理方式

Mybatis管理事务是分为两种方式:

(1)使用JDBC的事务管理机制,就是利用java.sql.Connection对象完成对事务的提交

(2)使用MANAGED的事务管理机制，这种机制mybatis自身不会去实现事务管理，而是让程序的容器（JBOSS,WebLogic）来实现对事务的管理

在Mybatis的配置文件中可以配置事务管理方式如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
 <configuration>
     <environments default="development">
          <environment id="development">
			  <!--配置事务的管理方式-->
              <transactionManager type="JDBC" />
              <!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
              <dataSource type="POOLED">
                  <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
                 <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis" />
                 <property name="username" value="root" />
                 <property name="password" value="XDP" />
             </dataSource>
         </environment>
     </environments>
 </configuration>

Mybatis提供了一个事务接口Transaction，以及两个实现类jdbcTransaction和ManagedTransaction，当spring与Mybatis一起使用时，spring提供了一个实现类SpringManagedTransaction

Transaction接口：提供的抽象方法有获取数据库连接getConnection，提交事务commit，回滚事务rollback和关闭连接close，源码如下：

 //事务接口
public interface Transaction {
  /**
   * Retrieve inner database connection
   * @return DataBase connection
   * @throws SQLException
   */
   //获得数据库连接
  Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;
  /**
   * 提交
   * Commit inner database connection.
   * @throws SQLException
   */
  void commit() throws SQLException;
  /**
   * 回滚
   * Rollback inner database connection.
   * @throws SQLException
   */
  void rollback() throws SQLException;
  /**
   * 关闭连接
   * Close inner database connection.
   * @throws SQLException
   */
  void close() throws SQLException;

}

JdbcTransaction实现类：Transaction的实现类，通过使用jdbc提供的方式来管理事务，通过Connection提供的事务管理方法来进行事务管理，源码如下：

public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {

  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);

  /* 连接**/
  protected Connection connection;

  /* 数据源**/
  protected DataSource dataSource;

  /* 事务等级**/
  protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;

  /* 事务提交**/
  protected boolean autoCommmit;

  public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
    dataSource = ds;
    level = desiredLevel;
    autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
  }

  public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {
    this.connection = connection;
  }

  @Override
  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
	//返回连接
    return connection;
  }

  @Override
  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
	  //连接提交
      connection.commit();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
	  //连接回滚
      connection.rollback();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null) {
      resetAutoCommit();
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
	  //关闭连接
      connection.close();
    }
  }

  protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
    try {
	  //事务提交状态不一致时修改
      if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
        }
        connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
      // and there's not much we can do about that.
      throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit.  "
          + "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
          + "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ".  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

  protected void resetAutoCommit() {
    try {
      if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
        // MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed. select操作没有commit和rollback事务
        // Some databases start transactions with select statements 一些数据库在select操作是会开启事务
        // and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
        // A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
        // Sybase throws an exception here.
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
        }
        connection.setAutoCommit(true);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
          + "before closing the connection.  Cause: " + e);
      }
    }
  }
  //打开连接
  protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
    }
	//从数据源中获得连接
    connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    if (level != null) {
      connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
    }
    setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
  }

}

ManagedTransaction实现类：通过容器来进行事务管理，所有它对事务提交和回滚并不会做任何操作，源码如下：

public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction {

  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);

  private DataSource dataSource;
  private TransactionIsolationLevel level;
  private Connection connection;
  private boolean closeConnection;

  public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) {
    this.connection = connection;
    this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
  }
  //数据源，事务等级及是否关闭事务
  public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) {
    this.dataSource = ds;
    this.level = level;
    this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
  }

  @Override
  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
    return this.connection;
  }
  //提交操作无效
  @Override
  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    // Does nothing
  }
  //回滚操作无效
  @Override
  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    // Does nothing
  }

  @Override
  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
      }
	  //关闭连接
      this.connection.close();
    }
  }

  protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
    }
    this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();
    if (this.level != null) {
      this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());
    }
  }

}

SpringManagedTransaction实现类：它其实也是通过使用JDBC来进行事务管理的，当spring的事务管理有效时，不需要操作commit/rollback/close，spring事务管理会自动帮我们完成，源码如下：

public class SpringManagedTransaction implements Transaction {

  private static final Log LOGGER = LogFactory.getLog(SpringManagedTransaction.class);

  private final DataSource dataSource;

  private Connection connection;

  private boolean isConnectionTransactional;

  private boolean autoCommit;

  //获得数据源
  public SpringManagedTransaction(DataSource dataSource) {
    notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified");
    this.dataSource = dataSource;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   * 返回数据库连接
   */
  @Override
  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
    return this.connection;
  }

  /**
   * Gets a connection from Spring transaction manager and discovers if this
   * {@code Transaction} should manage connection or let it to Spring.
   * <p>
   * It also reads autocommit setting because when using Spring Transaction MyBatis
   * thinks that autocommit is always false and will always call commit/rollback
   * so we need to no-op that calls.
   *从spring的事务管理中获得一个连接
   */
  private void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    this.connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(this.dataSource);
    this.autoCommit = this.connection.getAutoCommit();
    this.isConnectionTransactional = DataSourceUtils.isConnectionTransactional(this.connection, this.dataSource);

    if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
      LOGGER.debug(
          "JDBC Connection ["
              + this.connection
              + "] will"
              + (this.isConnectionTransactional ? " " : " not ")
              + "be managed by Spring");
    }
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   */
  @Override
  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection != null && !this.isConnectionTransactional && !this.autoCommit) {
      if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
      }
      this.connection.commit();
    }
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   */
  @Override
  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection != null && !this.isConnectionTransactional && !this.autoCommit) {
      if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
      }
      this.connection.rollback();
    }
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   */
  @Override
  public void close() throws SQLException {
    DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(this.connection, this.dataSource);
  }

}

Mybatis的事务管理机制还是比较简单的，其并没有做过多的操作，只是封装一下方便别人调用而已。